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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in code generation tasks. However, repository-level code generation presents unique challenges, particularly due to the need to utilize information spread across…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Zhiyuan Pan , Xing Hu , Xin Xia , Xiaohu Yang

As large language models (LLMs) play an increasingly important role in code generation, enhancing both correctness and efficiency has become crucial. Current methods primarily focus on correctness, often overlooking efficiency. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Dong Huang , Guangtao Zeng , Jianbo Dai , Meng Luo , Han Weng , Yuhao Qing , Heming Cui , Zhijiang Guo , Jie M. Zhang

Code generation models have shown significant potential for programming tasks. However, existing training methods like supervised fine-tuning face key limitations: they do not effectively teach models to prioritize correct over incorrect…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Kechi Zhang , Ge Li , Yihong Dong , Jingjing Xu , Jun Zhang , Jing Su , Yongfei Liu , Zhi Jin

Large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly prominent in academia and industry due to their remarkable performance in diverse applications. As these models evolve with increasing parameters, they excel in tasks like sentiment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Le Chen , Arijit Bhattacharjee , Nesreen K. Ahmed , Niranjan Hasabnis , Gal Oren , Bin Lei , Ali Jannesari

A major limitation for the broader scope of problems solvable by transformers is the quadratic scaling of computational complexity with input size. In this study, we investigate the recurrent memory augmentation of pre-trained transformer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Aydar Bulatov , Yuri Kuratov , Yermek Kapushev , Mikhail S. Burtsev

Thinking Large Language Models (LLMs) generate explicit intermediate reasoning traces before final answers, potentially improving transparency, interpretability, and solution accuracy for code generation. However, the quality of these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Haoran Xue , Gias Uddin , Song Wang

This study presents a comprehensive empirical evaluation of six state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) for code generation, including both general-purpose and code-specialized models. Using a dataset of 944 real-world LeetCode…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Le Zhang , Suresh Kothari

Over recent years, an increasing amount of compute and data has been poured into training large language models (LLMs), usually by doing one-pass learning on as many tokens as possible randomly selected from large-scale web corpora. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Kushal Tirumala , Daniel Simig , Armen Aghajanyan , Ari S. Morcos

Large language models (LLMs) and prompt engineering hold significant potential for advancing computer programming education through personalized instruction. This paper explores this potential by investigating three critical research…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Tianyu Wang , Nianjun Zhou , Zhixiong Chen

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in chart understanding tasks. However, interpreting charts with textual descriptions often leads to information loss, as it fails to fully capture the dense…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Xuanle Zhao , Xianzhen Luo , Qi Shi , Chi Chen , Shuo Wang , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Open-source Large Language Models (LLMs) and their specialized variants, particularly Code LLMs, have recently delivered impressive performance. However, previous Code LLMs are typically fine-tuned on single-source data with limited quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Zifan Song , Yudong Wang , Wenwei Zhang , Kuikun Liu , Chengqi Lyu , Demin Song , Qipeng Guo , Hang Yan , Dahua Lin , Kai Chen , Cairong Zhao

Large language model agents for data analysis typically generate and execute code directly on databases. However, when applied to sensitive data, this approach poses significant security risks. To address this issue, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Karthikeyan K , Raghuveer Thirukovalluru , Bhuwan Dhingra , David Edwin Carlson

The development of large-scale foundation models, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), is constrained by significant computational and memory bottlenecks. These challenges elevate throughput optimization from a mere engineering task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Mayank Jha

*Data Synthesis* is a promising way to train a small model with very little labeled data. One approach for data synthesis is to leverage the rich knowledge from large language models to synthesize pseudo training examples for small models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Ruida Wang , Wangchunshu Zhou , Mrinmaya Sachan

The remarkable performance of Large language models (LLMs) relies heavily on the availability of abundant high-quality training data. However, the high cost of acquiring annotated data often prevents models from obtaining capabilities to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Mingxu Tao , Jie Hu , Mingchuan Yang , Yunhuai Liu , Dongyan Zhao , Yansong Feng

Program synthesis or code generation aims to generate a program that satisfies a problem specification. Recent approaches using large-scale pretrained language models (LMs) have shown promising results, yet they have some critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Hung Le , Yue Wang , Akhilesh Deepak Gotmare , Silvio Savarese , Steven C. H. Hoi

Reward Models (RMs) are critical for improving generation models via Reinforcement Learning (RL), yet the RM scaling paradigm in visual generation remains largely unexplored. It primarily due to fundamental limitations in existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Jie Wu , Yu Gao , Zilyu Ye , Ming Li , Liang Li , Hanzhong Guo , Jie Liu , Zeyue Xue , Xiaoxia Hou , Wei Liu , Yan Zeng , Weilin Huang

The rise of reasoning models necessitates large-scale verifiable data, for which programming tasks serve as an ideal source. However, while competitive programming platforms provide abundant problems and solutions, high-quality test cases…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jianfeng Cai , Jinhua Zhu , Ruopei Sun , Kangwen Zhao , Dongyun Xue , Mingxiao Feng , Wengang Zhou , Houqiang Li

Large language models face intrinsic limitations in coding with APIs that are unseen in their training corpora. As libraries continuously evolve, it becomes impractical to exhaustively retrain LLMs with new API knowledge. This limitation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Yunkun Wang , Yue Zhang , Zhen Qin , Chen Zhi , Binhua Li , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li , Shuiguang Deng

Despite the great advance of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) in both instruction dataset building and benchmarking, the independence of training and evaluation makes current MLLMs hard to further improve their capability under the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Zhiyuan Zhao , Linke Ouyang , Bin Wang , Siyuan Huang , Pan Zhang , Xiaoyi Dong , Jiaqi Wang , Conghui He