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Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are increasingly being applied to spatial cognition tasks, where they are expected to understand and interact with complex environments. Most existing works improve spatial reasoning by introducing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zhenghao Chen , Huiqun Wang , Di Huang

Despite recent advances in multimodal content generation enabled by vision-language models (VLMs), their ability to reason about and generate structured 3D scenes remains largely underexplored. This limitation constrains their utility in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Xinhang Liu , Yu-Wing Tai , Chi-Keung Tang

3D multimodal question answering (MQA) plays a crucial role in scene understanding by enabling intelligent agents to comprehend their surroundings in 3D environments. While existing research has primarily focused on indoor household tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Penglei Sun , Yaoxian Song , Xiang Liu , Xiaofei Yang , Qiang Wang , Tiefeng Li , Yang Yang , Xiaowen Chu

Digitizing the physical world into accurate simulation-ready virtual environments offers significant opportunities in a variety of fields such as augmented and virtual reality, gaming, and robotics. However, current 3D reconstruction and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Hongchi Xia , Chih-Hao Lin , Hao-Yu Hsu , Quentin Leboutet , Katelyn Gao , Michael Paulitsch , Benjamin Ummenhofer , Shenlong Wang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in general vision-language tasks. However, recent studies have exposed critical limitations in their spatial reasoning capabilities. This deficiency in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Huanyu Zhang , Chengzu Li , Wenshan Wu , Shaoguang Mao , Yifan Zhang , Haochen Tian , Ivan Vulić , Zhang Zhang , Liang Wang , Tieniu Tan , Furu Wei

Video-language models (VLMs) learn to reason about the dynamic visual world through natural language. We introduce a suite of open datasets, benchmarks, and recipes for scalable oversight that enable precise video captioning. First, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zhiqiu Lin , Chancharik Mitra , Siyuan Cen , Isaac Li , Yuhan Huang , Yu Tong Tiffany Ling , Hewei Wang , Irene Pi , Shihang Zhu , Ryan Rao , George Liu , Jiaxi Li , Ruojin Li , Yili Han , Yilun Du , Deva Ramanan

Recently, multi-view diffusion-based 3D generation methods have gained significant attention. However, these methods often suffer from shape and texture misalignment across generated multi-view images, leading to low-quality 3D generation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Zhuojiang Cai , Yiheng Zhang , Meitong Guo , Mingdao Wang , Yuwang Wang

Spatial cognition is fundamental to real-world multimodal intelligence, allowing models to effectively interact with the physical environment. While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made significant strides, existing benchmarks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Peiran Xu , Sudong Wang , Yao Zhu , Jianing Li , Gege Qi , Yunjian Zhang

Spatial intelligence is a critical frontier for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), empowering them to comprehend the physical world. Drawing inspiration from human perception mechanisms, prior studies attempt to construct a spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yibin Huang , Wang Xu , Wanyue Zhang , Helu Zhi , Jingjing Huang , Yangbin Xu , Yangang Sun , Conghui Zhu , Tiejun Zhao

Embodied intelligence, a grand challenge in artificial intelligence, is fundamentally constrained by the limited spatial understanding and reasoning capabilities of current models. Prevailing efforts to address this through enhancing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Zhi Helu , Huang Jingjing , Xu Wang , Xu Yangbin , Zhang Wanyue , Jiang Baoyang , Deng Shirui , Zhu Liang , Li Fangfang , Zhao Tiejun , Lin Yankai , Yao Yuan

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel at general vision-language tasks, visuospatial cognition - reasoning about spatial layouts, relations, and dynamics - remains a significant challenge. Existing models often lack the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Qi Feng

We introduce the Holographic Knowledge Manifold (HKM), a four-phase pipeline that achieves zero catastrophic forgetting in AI knowledge representation while maintaining minimal memory growth and high efficiency. Leveraging fractal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Justin Arndt

Whole Slide Images (WSIs) exhibit hierarchical structure, where diagnostic information emerges from cellular morphology, regional tissue organization, and global context. Existing Computational Pathology (CPath) Multimodal Large Language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Basit Alawode , Arif Mahmood , Muaz Khalifa Al-Radi , Shahad Albastaki , Asim Khan , Muhammad Bilal , Moshira Ali Abdalla , Mohammed Bennamoun , Sajid Javed

Text-to-image diffusion models have emerged as powerful priors for real-world image super-resolution (Real-ISR). However, existing methods may produce unintended results due to noisy text prompts and their lack of spatial information. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Li-Yuan Tsao , Hao-Wei Chen , Hao-Wei Chung , Deqing Sun , Chun-Yi Lee , Kelvin C. K. Chan , Ming-Hsuan Yang

Thanks to the emerging of foundation models, the large language and vision models are integrated to acquire the multimodal ability of visual captioning, question answering, etc. Although existing multimodal models present impressive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Bo Zhao , Boya Wu , Muyang He , Tiejun Huang

Point clouds provide a compact and expressive representation of 3D objects, and have recently been integrated into multimodal large language models (MLLMs). However, existing methods primarily focus on static objects, while understanding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xindan Zhang , Weilong Yan , Yufei Shi , Xuerui Qiu , Tao He , Ying Li , Ming Li , Hehe Fan

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown impressive performance on vision-language tasks, but their long Chain-of-Thought (CoT) capabilities in multimodal scenarios remain underexplored. Inspired by OpenAI's o3 model, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Ye Wang , Qianglong Chen , Zejun Li , Siyuan Wang , Shijie Guo , Zhirui Zhang , Zhongyu Wei

Complex chart understanding tasks demand advanced visual recognition and reasoning capabilities from multimodal large language models (MLLMs). However, current research provides limited coverage of complex chart scenarios and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Duo Xu , Hao Cheng , Xin Lin , Zhen Xie , Hao Wang

Spatial reasoning is an important component of human intelligence. We can imagine the shapes of 3D objects and reason about their spatial relations by merely looking at their three-view line drawings in 2D, with different levels of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-03 Wenyu Han , Siyuan Xiang , Chenhui Liu , Ruoyu Wang , Chen Feng

While massively scaling both data and models have become central in NLP and 2D vision, their benefits for 3D point cloud understanding remain limited. We study the initial step of scaling 3D point cloud understanding under a realistic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xuweiyi Chen , Wentao Zhou , Aruni RoyChowdhury , Zezhou Cheng