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Humans possess spatial reasoning abilities that enable them to understand spaces through multimodal observations, such as vision and sound. Large multimodal reasoning models extend these abilities by learning to perceive and reason, showing…

Understanding and reasoning about spatial relationships is a fundamental capability for Visual Question Answering (VQA) and robotics. While Vision Language Models (VLM) have demonstrated remarkable performance in certain VQA benchmarks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Boyuan Chen , Zhuo Xu , Sean Kirmani , Brian Ichter , Danny Driess , Pete Florence , Dorsa Sadigh , Leonidas Guibas , Fei Xia

Although multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have shown strong capabilities across diverse domains, their application in generating fine-grained 3D perception and prediction outputs in autonomous driving remains underexplored. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Zhe Liu , Runhui Huang , Rui Yang , Siming Yan , Zining Wang , Lu Hou , Di Lin , Xiang Bai , Hengshuang Zhao

Spatial intelligence is essential for multimodal large language models, yet current benchmarks largely assess it only from an understanding perspective. We ask whether modern generative or unified multimodal models also possess generative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Muzhi Zhu , Shunyao Jiang , Huanyi Zheng , Zekai Luo , Hao Zhong , Anzhou Li , Kaijun Wang , Jintao Rong , Yang Liu , Hao Chen , Tao Lin , Chunhua Shen

Recent advances in large vision-language models (VLMs) have shown significant promise for 3D scene understanding. Existing VLM-based approaches typically align 3D scene features with the VLM's embedding space. However, this implicit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Chen Li , Eric Peh , Basura Fernando

Humans build shared spatial understanding by communicating partial, viewpoint-dependent observations. We ask whether Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) can do the same, aligning distinct egocentric views through dialogue to form a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Ankur Sikarwar , Debangan Mishra , Sudarshan Nikhil , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru , Aishwarya Agrawal

Although large multimodal models (LMMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in visual scene interpretation and reasoning, their capacity for complex and precise 3-dimensional spatial reasoning remains uncertain. Existing benchmarks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Xingrui Wang , Wufei Ma , Tiezheng Zhang , Celso M de Melo , Jieneng Chen , Alan Yuille

Seamless integration of virtual and physical worlds in augmented reality benefits from the system semantically "understanding" the physical environment. AR research has long focused on the potential of context awareness, demonstrating novel…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Chengyuan Xu , Radha Kumaran , Noah Stier , Kangyou Yu , Tobias Höllerer

We present SpatialMem, a memory-centric system for long-horizon, language-grounded retrieval and QA from egocentric video, where metric 3D serves as an interpretable indexing scaffold rather than an explicit mapping objective. Starting from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Xinyi Zheng , Yunze Liu , Chi-Hao Wu , Fan Zhang , Hao Zheng , Wenqi Zhou , Walterio W. Mayol-Cuevas , Junxiao Shen

Spatiotemporal relationships are critical in data science, as many prediction and reasoning tasks require analysis across both spatial and temporal dimensions--for instance, navigating an unfamiliar city involves planning itineraries that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Xiao Han , Dayan Pan , Xiangyu Zhao , Xuyuan Hu , Zhaolin Deng , Xiangjie Kong , Guojiang Shen

Spatiotemporal intelligence in autonomous driving (AD) requires an agent to integrate multi-view observations into a coherent scene representation, maintain object continuity across viewpoints and time, and reason about spatial relations,…

The explosive growth of videos on streaming media platforms has underscored the urgent need for effective video quality assessment (VQA) algorithms to monitor and perceptually optimize the quality of streaming videos. However, VQA remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Qihang Ge , Wei Sun , Yu Zhang , Yunhao Li , Zhongpeng Ji , Fengyu Sun , Shangling Jui , Xiongkuo Min , Guangtao Zhai

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have rapidly advanced in visual tasks, yet their spatial understanding remains limited to single images, leaving them ill-suited for physical-world applications that require multi-frame reasoning.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Runsen Xu , Weiyao Wang , Hao Tang , Xingyu Chen , Xiaodong Wang , Fu-Jen Chu , Matt Feiszli , Kevin J. Liang

Compositional visual reasoning has emerged as a key research frontier in multimodal AI, aiming to endow machines with the human-like ability to decompose visual scenes, ground intermediate concepts, and perform multi-step logical inference.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Fucai Ke , Joy Hsu , Zhixi Cai , Zixian Ma , Xin Zheng , Xindi Wu , Sukai Huang , Weiqing Wang , Pari Delir Haghighi , Gholamreza Haffari , Ranjay Krishna , Jiajun Wu , Hamid Rezatofighi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have undergone rapid progress, largely attributed to reinforcement learning on complex reasoning tasks. In contrast, while spatial intelligence is fundamental for Vision-Language Models (VLMs) in real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Zijian Song , Xiaoxin Lin , Qiuming Huang , Sihan Qin , Guangrun Wang , Liang Lin

Capturing spatial relationships from visual inputs is a cornerstone of human-like general intelligence. Several previous studies have tried to enhance the spatial awareness of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) by adding extra expert encoders,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Rui Yang , Ziyu Zhu , Yanwei Li , Jingjia Huang , Shen Yan , Siyuan Zhou , Zhe Liu , Xiangtai Li , Shuangye Li , Wenqian Wang , Yi Lin , Hengshuang Zhao

The convergence of 3D geometric perception and video synthesis has created an unprecedented demand for large-scale video data that is rich in both semantic and spatio-temporal information. While existing datasets have advanced either 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yunnan Wang , Kecheng Zheng , Jianyuan Wang , Minghao Chen , David Novotny , Christian Rupprecht , Yinghao Xu , Xing Zhu , Wenjun Zeng , Xin Jin , Yujun Shen

Multimodal models have achieved remarkable progress in recent years. Nevertheless, they continue to exhibit notable limitations in spatial understanding and reasoning, the very capability that anchors artificial general intelligence in the…

Despite impressive high-level video comprehension, multimodal language models struggle with spatial reasoning across time and space. While current spatial training approaches rely on real-world video data, obtaining diverse footage with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Ellis Brown , Arijit Ray , Ranjay Krishna , Ross Girshick , Rob Fergus , Saining Xie

Spatial reasoning in large-scale 3D environments remains challenging for current vision-language models, which are typically constrained to room-scale scenarios. We introduce H$^2$U3D (Holistic House Understanding in 3D), a 3D visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Hongpei Zheng , Shijie Li , Yanran Li , Hujun Yin