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While explicit Chain-of-Thought (CoT) equips Large Language Models (LLMs) with strong reasoning capabilities, it requires models to verbalize every intermediate step in text tokens, constraining the model thoughts to the discrete vocabulary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Weihao Liu , Dehai Min , Lu Cheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) offer transformative potential for high-stakes domains like finance and law, but their tendency to hallucinate, generating factually incorrect or unsupported content, poses a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Ahmad Pesaranghader , Erin Li

Recent audio-aware large language models (ALLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities across diverse audio understanding and reasoning tasks, but they still frequently produce hallucinated or overly confident outputs. While uncertainty…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-29 Chun-Yi Kuan , Wei-Ping Huang , Hung-yi Lee

Open-sourced Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved great success in various NLP tasks, however, they are still far inferior to API-based models when acting as agents. How to integrate agent ability into general LLMs becomes a crucial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Zehui Chen , Kuikun Liu , Qiuchen Wang , Wenwei Zhang , Jiangning Liu , Dahua Lin , Kai Chen , Feng Zhao

Adapting Large Language Models in complex technical service domains is constrained by the absence of explicit cognitive chains in human demonstrations and the inherent ambiguity arising from the diversity of valid responses. These…

Recent vision-language models have strong perceptual ability but their implicit reasoning is hard to explain and easily generates hallucinations on complex queries. Compositional methods improve interpretability, but most rely on a single…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Zhixi Cai , Fucai Ke , Kevin Leo , Sukai Huang , Maria Garcia de la Banda , Peter J. Stuckey , Hamid Rezatofighi

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) in healthcare suffer from severe confirmation bias, often hallucinating visual details to support initial, potentially erroneous diagnostic hypotheses. Existing Chain-of-Thought (CoT) approaches lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zhixiang Lu , Jionglong Su

Our work addresses the challenges of understanding tables. Existing methods often struggle with the unpredictable nature of table content, leading to a reliance on preprocessing and keyword matching. They also face limitations due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Thi-Nhung Nguyen , Hoang Ngo , Dinh Phung , Thuy-Trang Vu , Dat Quoc Nguyen

Modeling semantic and structural information from tabular data remains a core challenge for effective table understanding. Existing Table-as-Text approaches flatten tables for large language models (LLMs), but lose crucial structural cues,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Xiaobo Xing , Wei Yuan , Tong Chen , Quoc Viet Hung Nguyen , Xiangliang Zhang , Hongzhi Yin

Reasoning is a fundamental cognitive process underlying inference, problem-solving, and decision-making. While large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong reasoning capabilities in closed-world settings, they struggle in open-ended and…

Existing approaches to constructing training data for Natural Language Inference (NLI) tasks, such as for semi-structured table reasoning, are either via crowdsourcing or fully automatic methods. However, the former is expensive and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Dibyakanti Kumar , Vivek Gupta , Soumya Sharma , Shuo Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities, yet their deployment in high-stakes domains is hindered by inherent limitations in trustworthiness, including hallucinations, instability, and a lack of transparency.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 David Peer , Sebastian Stabinger

Table reasoning, which aims to generate the corresponding answer to the question following the user requirement according to the provided table, and optionally a text description of the table, effectively improving the efficiency of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Xuanliang Zhang , Dingzirui Wang , Longxu Dou , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) achieve strong multimodal reasoning but frequently exhibit hallucinations and incorrect responses with high certainty, which hinders their usage in high-stakes domains. Existing verbalized confidence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Wenyi Xiao , Xinchi Xu , Leilei Gan

While large language models (LLMs) excel in mathematical and code reasoning, we observe they struggle with social reasoning tasks, exhibiting cognitive confusion, logical inconsistencies, and conflation between objective world states and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jialu Du , Guiyang Hou , Yihui Fu , Chen Wu , Wenqi Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Weiming Lu

User simulators serve as the critical interactive environment for agent post-training, and an ideal user simulator generalizes across domains and proactively engages in negotiation by challenging or bargaining. However, current methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Feng Zhang , Shijia Li , Chunmao Zhang , Zhanyu Ma , Jun Xu , Jiuchong Gao , Jinghua Hao , Renqing He , Jingwen Xu , Han Liu

Hallucinations remain a significant challenge in current Generative AI models, undermining trust in AI systems and their reliability. This study investigates how orchestrating multiple specialized Artificial Intelligent Agents can help…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Diego Gosmar , Deborah A. Dahl

Multimodal reasoning has emerged as a powerful framework for enhancing reasoning capabilities of reasoning models. While multi-turn table reasoning methods have improved reasoning accuracy through tool use and reward modeling, they rely on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Tung Sum Thomas Kwok , Xinyu Wang , Xiaofeng Lin , Peng Lu , Chunhe Wang , Changlun Li , Hanwei Wu , Nan Tang , Elisa Kreiss , Guang Cheng

Recent advancements in language models (LMs) have notably enhanced their ability to reason with tabular data, primarily through program-aided mechanisms that manipulate and analyze tables. However, these methods often require the entire…

Recent large language models (LLMs) are promising for making decisions in grounded environments. However, LLMs frequently fail in complex decision-making tasks due to the misalignment between the pre-trained knowledge in LLMs and the actual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Siqi Ouyang , Lei Li
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