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Continual learning (CL) is a learning paradigm that emulates the human capability of learning and accumulating knowledge continually without forgetting the previously learned knowledge and also transferring the learned knowledge to help…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Zixuan Ke , Bing Liu

To address the problem of catastrophic forgetting due to the invisibility of old categories in sequential input, existing work based on relatively simple categorization tasks has made some progress. In contrast, video captioning is a more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Huiyu Xiong , Lanxiao Wang , Heqian Qiu , Taijin Zhao , Benliu Qiu , Hongliang Li

Continual Learning research typically focuses on tackling the phenomenon of catastrophic forgetting in neural networks. Catastrophic forgetting is associated with an abrupt loss of knowledge previously learned by a model when the task, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-06 MohammadReza Davari , Nader Asadi , Sudhir Mudur , Rahaf Aljundi , Eugene Belilovsky

Continual learning (CL) aims to incrementally learn different tasks (such as classification) in a non-stationary data stream without forgetting old ones. Most CL works focus on tackling catastrophic forgetting under a learning-from-scratch…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Mark D. McDonnell , Dong Gong , Amin Parveneh , Ehsan Abbasnejad , Anton van den Hengel

In the present era of deep learning, continual learning research is mainly focused on mitigating forgetting when training a neural network with stochastic gradient descent on a non-stationary stream of data. On the other hand, in the more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Soochan Lee , Hyeonseong Jeon , Jaehyeon Son , Gunhee Kim

Conventional deep learning models have limited capacity in learning multiple tasks sequentially. The issue of forgetting the previously learned tasks in continual learning is known as catastrophic forgetting or interference. When the input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Honglin Li , Payam Barnaghi , Shirin Enshaeifar , Frieder Ganz

Large language models (LLMs) can adapt to new tasks via in-context learning (ICL) without parameter updates, making them powerful learning engines for fast adaptation. While extensive research has examined ICL as a few-shot learner, whether…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Liuwang Kang , Fan Wang , Shaoshan Liu , Hung-Chyun Chou , Chuan Lin , Ning Ding

Deep learning models generally display catastrophic forgetting when learning new data continuously. Many incremental learning approaches address this problem by reusing data from previous tasks while learning new tasks. However, the direct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Young Jo Choi , Min Kyoon Yoo , Yu Rang Park

Catastrophic forgetting (CF) is a phenomenon that occurs in machine learning when a model forgets previously learned information while acquiring new knowledge for achieving a satisfactory performance in downstream tasks. As large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Yun Luo , Zhen Yang , Fandong Meng , Yafu Li , Jie Zhou , Yue Zhang

The cross-lingual transfer is a promising technique to solve tasks in less-resourced languages. In this empirical study, we compare two fine-tuning approaches combined with zero-shot and full-shot learning approaches for large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Boshko Koloski , Blaž Škrlj , Marko Robnik-Šikonja , Senja Pollak

Existing research on task incremental learning in continual learning has primarily focused on preventing catastrophic forgetting (CF). Although several techniques have achieved learning with no CF, they attain it by letting each task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Tatsuya Konishi , Mori Kurokawa , Chihiro Ono , Zixuan Ke , Gyuhak Kim , Bing Liu

Nowadays, real-world data, including graph-structure data, often arrives in a streaming manner, which means that learning systems need to continuously acquire new knowledge without forgetting previously learned information. Although…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Ziyang Cheng , Zhixun Li , Yuhan Li , Yixin Song , Kangyi Zhao , Dawei Cheng , Jia Li , Hong Cheng , Jeffrey Xu Yu

Building learning agents that can progressively learn and accumulate knowledge is the core goal of the continual learning (CL) research field. Unfortunately, training a model on new data usually compromises the performance on past data. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Timothée Lesort , Oleksiy Ostapenko , Diganta Misra , Md Rifat Arefin , Pau Rodríguez , Laurent Charlin , Irina Rish

Catastrophic forgetting -- the phenomenon of a neural network learning a task t1 and losing the ability to perform it after being trained on some other task t2 -- is a long-standing problem for neural networks [McCloskey and Cohen, 1989].…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Nicholas Dronen , Randall Balestriero

Knowledge Tracing (KT) aims to trace changes in students' knowledge states throughout their entire learning process by analyzing their historical learning data and predicting their future learning performance. Existing forgetting curve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Shanshan Wang , Ying Hu , Xun Yang , Zhongzhou Zhang , Keyang Wang , Xingyi Zhang

Large Language Models (LMs) are known to encode world knowledge in their parameters as they pretrain on a vast amount of web corpus, which is often utilized for performing knowledge-dependent downstream tasks such as question answering,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Joel Jang , Seonghyeon Ye , Sohee Yang , Joongbo Shin , Janghoon Han , Gyeonghun Kim , Stanley Jungkyu Choi , Minjoon Seo

Online continual learning (OCL) refers to the ability of a system to learn over time from a continuous stream of data without having to revisit previously encountered training samples. Learning continually in a single data pass is crucial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-23 German I. Parisi , Vincenzo Lomonaco

Continual learning the ability of a neural network to learn multiple sequential tasks without catastrophic forgetting remains a central challenge in developing adaptive artificial intelligence systems. While deep learning models achieve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Md Hasibul Amin , Tamzid Tanvi Alam

Continual Learning (CL) methods aim to enable machine learning models to learn new tasks without catastrophic forgetting of those that have been previously mastered. Existing CL approaches often keep a buffer of previously-seen samples,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Dong Gong , Qingsen Yan , Yuhang Liu , Anton van den Hengel , Javen Qinfeng Shi

Real-life multilingual systems should be able to efficiently incorporate new languages as data distributions fed to the system evolve and shift over time. To do this, systems need to handle the issue of catastrophic forgetting, where the…