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Large Language Models (LLMs) showcase remarkable abilities, yet they struggle with limitations such as hallucinations, outdated knowledge, opacity, and inexplicable reasoning. To address these challenges, Retrieval-Augmented Generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Sourav Verma

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance on general Question Answering (QA), yet they often struggle in domain-specific scenarios where accurate and up-to-date information is required. Retrieval-Augmented Generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Haoyue Bai , Haoyu Wang , Shengyu Chen , Zhengzhang Chen , Lu-An Tang , Wei Cheng , Haifeng Chen , Yanjie Fu

The paradigm of retrieval-augmented generated (RAG) helps mitigate hallucinations of large language models (LLMs). However, RAG also introduces biases contained within the retrieved documents. These biases can be amplified in scenarios…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Bryan Li , Fiona Luo , Samar Haider , Adwait Agashe , Tammy Li , Runqi Liu , Muqing Miao , Shriya Ramakrishnan , Yuan Yuan , Chris Callison-Burch

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used in critical fields such as healthcare, education, and finance due to their remarkable proficiency in various language-related tasks. However, LLMs are prone to generating factually incorrect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Muneeswaran I , Shreya Saxena , Siva Prasad , M V Sai Prakash , Advaith Shankar , Varun V , Vishal Vaddina , Saisubramaniam Gopalakrishnan

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable in-context reasoning capabilities across a wide range of tasks, particularly with unstructured inputs such as language or images. However, LLMs struggle to handle structured data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Jintang Li , Ruofan Wu , Yuchang Zhu , Huizhe Zhang , Liang Chen , Zibin Zheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing and hold growing promise for advancing science, healthcare, and decision-making. Yet their training paradigms remain dominated by affirmation-based inference, akin to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Peter B. Walker , Hannah Davidson , Aiden Foster , Matthew Lienert , Thomas Pardue , Dale Russell

With the rapid development of large language models (LLMs), they have significantly improved efficiency across a wide range of domains. However, recent studies have revealed that LLMs often exhibit gender bias, leading to serious social…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Xiaoqing Cheng , Hongying Zan , Lulu Kong , Jinwang Song , Min Peng

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to generating factually incorrect information when responding to queries that involve numerical and statistical data or other timely facts. In this paper, we present an approach for enhancing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Prashanth Radhakrishnan , Jennifer Chen , Bo Xu , Prem Ramaswami , Hannah Pho , Adriana Olmos , James Manyika , R. V. Guha

Large language models are increasingly used to represent human opinions, values, or beliefs, and their steerability towards these ideals is an active area of research. Existing work focuses predominantly on aligning marginal response…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Tristan Williams , Franziska Weeber , Sebastian Padó , Alan Akbik

The rise of generative artificial intelligence, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), has intensified the imperative to scrutinize fairness alongside accuracy. Recent studies have begun to investigate fairness evaluations for LLMs…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-31 Chandan Kumar Sah , Lian Xiaoli , Muhammad Mirajul Islam

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful candidates to inform clinical decision-making processes. While these models play an increasingly prominent role in shaping the digital landscape, two growing concerns emerge in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Raphael Poulain , Hamed Fayyaz , Rahmatollah Beheshti

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a crucial technique for enhancing the accuracy of Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating external information. With the advent of LLMs that support increasingly longer context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Quinn Leng , Jacob Portes , Sam Havens , Matei Zaharia , Michael Carbin

Large Language Models have been shown to demonstrate stereotypical biases in their representations and behavior due to the discriminative nature of the data that they have been trained on. Despite significant progress in the development of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Kaveh Eskandari Miandoab , Mahammed Kamruzzaman , Arshia Gharooni , Gene Louis Kim , Vasanth Sarathy , Ninareh Mehrabi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in Natural Language Processing but remain vulnerable to fairness-related issues, often reflecting biases inherent in their training data. These biases pose risks, particularly when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Harishwar Reddy , Madhusudan Srinivasan , Upulee Kanewala

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to inheriting and amplifying societal biases embedded within their training data, potentially reinforcing harmful stereotypes related to gender, occupation, and other sensitive categories. This issue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Atmika Gorti , Manas Gaur , Aman Chadha

The scaling of inference computation has unlocked the potential of long-context large language models (LLMs) across diverse settings. For knowledge-intensive tasks, the increased compute is often allocated to incorporate more external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Zhenrui Yue , Honglei Zhuang , Aijun Bai , Kai Hui , Rolf Jagerman , Hansi Zeng , Zhen Qin , Dong Wang , Xuanhui Wang , Michael Bendersky

Large Language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have gained popularity in recent years with the advancement of Natural Language Processing (NLP), with use cases spanning many disciplines and daily lives as well. LLMs inherit explicit and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Fatima Kazi

Large-scale language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across various language tasks but suffer from hallucinations and temporal misalignment. To mitigate these shortcomings, Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Zhongzhen Huang , Kui Xue , Yongqi Fan , Linjie Mu , Ruoyu Liu , Tong Ruan , Shaoting Zhang , Xiaofan Zhang

Despite their remarkable capabilities, large language models (LLMs) often produce responses containing factual inaccuracies due to their sole reliance on the parametric knowledge they encapsulate. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), an ad…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Akari Asai , Zeqiu Wu , Yizhong Wang , Avirup Sil , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has sparked intense debate regarding the prevalence of bias in these models and its mitigation. Yet, as exemplified by both results on debiasing methods in the literature and reports of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 David F. Jenny , Yann Billeter , Mrinmaya Sachan , Bernhard Schölkopf , Zhijing Jin