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In the age of generative AI and ubiquitous digital tools, human cognition faces a structural paradox: as external aids become more capable, internal memory systems risk atrophy. Drawing on neuroscience and cognitive psychology, this paper…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Barbara Oakley , Michael Johnston , Ken-Zen Chen , Eulho Jung , Terrence J. Sejnowski

Memory plays a foundational role in augmenting the reasoning, adaptability, and contextual fidelity of modern Large Language Models and Multi-Modal LLMs. As these models transition from static predictors to interactive systems capable of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Zixia Jia , Jiaqi Li , Yipeng Kang , Yuxuan Wang , Tong Wu , Quansen Wang , Xiaobo Wang , Shuyi Zhang , Junzhe Shen , Qing Li , Siyuan Qi , Yitao Liang , Di He , Zilong Zheng , Song-Chun Zhu

The fields of artificial intelligence and neuroscience have a long history of fertile bi-directional interactions. On the one hand, important inspiration for the development of artificial intelligence systems has come from the study of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-11-21 Eilif B. Muller , Philippe Beaudoin

Intelligence is fundamentally non-ergodic: it emerges not from uniform sampling or optimization from scratch, but from the structured reuse of prior inference trajectories. We introduce Memory-Amortized Inference (MAI) as a formal framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Xin Li

Recent advances in neurosciences and psychology have provided evidence that affective phenomena pervade intelligence at many levels, being inseparable from the cognitionaction loop. Perception, attention, memory, learning, decisionmaking,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2008-09-30 Luis Paulo Reis , Daria Barteneva , Nuno Lau

A key aspect of human intelligence is the ability to imagine -- composing learned concepts in novel ways -- to make sense of new scenarios. Such capacity is not yet attained for machine learning systems. In this work, in the context of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Rim Assouel , Pau Rodriguez , Perouz Taslakian , David Vazquez , Yoshua Bengio

Procedural models (i.e. symbolic programs that output visual data) are a historically-popular method for representing graphics content: vegetation, buildings, textures, etc. They offer many advantages: interpretable design parameters,…

This research paper introduces an innovative AI coaching approach by integrating vision-encoder-decoder models. The feasibility of this method is demonstrated using a Vision Transformer as the encoder and GPT-2 as the decoder, achieving a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Jyothi S Nayak , Afifah Khan Mohammed Ajmal Khan , Chirag Manjeshwar , Imadh Ajaz Banday

While deep learning has pushed the boundaries in various machine learning tasks, the current models are still far away from replicating many functions that a normal human brain can do. Explicit memorization based deep architecture have been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Pratik Prabhanjan Brahma , Qiuyuan Huang , Dapeng Wu

How do we imagine visual objects and combine them to create new forms? To answer this question, we need to explore the cognitive, computational and neural mechanisms underlying imagery and creativity. The body of research on deep learning…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-12-14 Shekoofeh Hedayati , Roger Beaty , Brad Wyble

Institutional decisions -- regulatory compliance, clinical triage, prior authorization appeal -- require a different AI architecture than general-purpose agents provide. Agent frameworks infer authority conversationally, reconstruct…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Mamadou Seck

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence has led to expectations of transformative impact on science, yet current systems remain fundamentally limited in enabling genuine scientific discovery. This perspective contends that progress…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Karthik Duraisamy

Inspired from human cognition, machine learning systems are gradually revealing advantages of sparser and more modular architectures. Recent work demonstrates that not only do some modular architectures generalize well, but they also lead…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Sarthak Mittal , Yoshua Bengio , Guillaume Lajoie

Computational context understanding refers to an agent's ability to fuse disparate sources of information for decision-making and is, therefore, generally regarded as a prerequisite for sophisticated machine reasoning capabilities, such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-11 Alessandro Oltramari , Jonathan Francis , Cory Henson , Kaixin Ma , Ruwan Wickramarachchi

Humans and other animals learn to extract general concepts from sensory experience without extensive teaching. This ability is thought to be facilitated by offline states like sleep where previous experiences are systemically replayed.…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-02-21 Nicolas Deperrois , Mihai A. Petrovici , Walter Senn , Jakob Jordan

Frontier AI systems require governance mechanisms that can verify internal alignment, not just behavioral compliance. Private governance mechanisms audits, certification, insurance, and procurement are emerging to complement public…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Aadit Sengupta , Pratinav Seth , Vinay Kumar Sankarapu

We explore end-to-end trained differentiable models that integrate natural logic with neural networks, aiming to keep the backbone of natural language reasoning based on the natural logic formalism while introducing subsymbolic vector…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Yufei Feng , Zi'ou Zheng , Quan Liu , Michael Greenspan , Xiaodan Zhu

Current AI systems achieve impressive performance on many tasks, yet they lack core attributes of biological intelligence, including rapid, continual learning, representations grounded in sensorimotor interactions, and structured knowledge…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Niels Leadholm , Viviane Clay , Scott Knudstrup , Hojae Lee , Jeff Hawkins

Humans have the innate capability to answer diverse questions, which is rooted in the natural ability to correlate different concepts based on their semantic relationships and decompose difficult problems into sub-tasks. On the contrary,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Shi Chen , Qi Zhao

Artificial intelligence has become integral to organizational decision-making and while research has explored many facets of this human-AI collaboration, the focus has mainly been on designing the AI agent(s) and the way the collaboration…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Joshua Holstein , Gerhard Satzger