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An OS kernel that runs LLM inference internally can read logit distributions before any text is generated and act on them as a governance primitive. This paper presents ProbeLogits, a kernel-level operation that performs a single forward…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Daeyeon Son

Agentic AI and Multi-Agent Systems are poised to dominate industry and society imminently. Powered by goal-driven autonomy, they represent a powerful form of generative AI, marking a transition from reactive content generation into…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Brian Bowers , Smita Khapre , Jugal Kalita

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities as autonomous agents through tool use, planning, and decision-making abilities, leading to their widespread adoption across diverse tasks. As task complexity grows,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Ishan Kavathekar , Hemang Jain , Ameya Rathod , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru , Tanuja Ganu

Machine learning (ML) underpins foundation models in finance, healthcare, and critical infrastructure, making them targets for data poisoning, model extraction, prompt injection, automated jailbreaking, and preference-guided black-box…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Armstrong Foundjem , Lionel Nganyewou Tidjon , Leuson Da Silva , Foutse Khomh

Effective safety auditing of large language models (LLMs) demands tools that go beyond black-box probing and systematically uncover vulnerabilities rooted in model internals. We present a comprehensive, interpretability-driven jailbreaking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Krishiv Agarwal , Ramneet Kaur , Colin Samplawski , Manoj Acharya , Anirban Roy , Daniel Elenius , Brian Matejek , Adam D. Cobb , Susmit Jha

AI agents dynamically acquire tools, orchestrate sub-agents, and transact across organizational boundaries, yet no existing security layer verifies what an agent can do, whether it executed what it claims, or what happened in a multi-agent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Ziling Zhou

We investigate how large language models (LLMs) fail when operating as autonomous agents with tool-use capabilities. Using the Kamiwaza Agentic Merit Index (KAMI) v0.1 benchmark, we analyze 900 execution traces from three representative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-10 JV Roig

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become integral to automated code analysis, enabling tasks such as vulnerability detection and code comprehension. However, their integration introduces novel attack surfaces. In this paper, we identify and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Yue Li , Xiao Li , Hao Wu , Yue Zhang , Fengyuan Xu , Xiuzhen Cheng , Sheng Zhong

Authorizing Large Language Model (LLM)-driven agents to dynamically invoke tools and access protected resources introduces significant security risks, and the risks grow dramatically as agents engage in multi-turn conversations and scale…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Majed El Helou , Benjamin Ryder , Chiara Troiani , Jean Diaconu , Hervé Muyal , Marcelo Yannuzzi

Autonomous agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being utilized in complex software systems. However, reliability remains a significant challenge due to unpredictable failures such as hallucinations, execution…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Cheonsu Jeong , Younggun Shin

Autonomous AI agents extend large language models into full runtime systems that load skills, ingest external content, maintain memory, plan multi-step actions, and invoke privileged tools. In such systems, security failures rarely remain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yixiang Zhang , Xinhao Deng , Jiaqing Wu , Yue Xiao , Ke Xu , Qi Li

Multi-agent systems achieve state-of-the-art outcomes through peer collaboration. However, when an agent in the pipeline silently drops a constraint, the system's final output may look correct even though the reasoning chain was quietly…

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has become a popular solution for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) in federated settings, dramatically reducing update costs by introducing trainable low-rank matrices. However, when integrated with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Yueyan Dong , Minghui Xu , Qin Hu , Yinhao Xiao , Qi Luo , Yechao Zhang , Yue Zhang , Xiuzhen Cheng

As large language models (LLMs) become integrated into various sensitive applications, prompt injection, the use of prompting to induce harmful behaviors from LLMs, poses an ever increasing risk. Prompt injection attacks can cause LLMs to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Isaac Wu , Michael Maslowski

We consider the problem of safe real-time navigation of a robot in a dynamic environment with moving obstacles of arbitrary smooth geometries and input saturation constraints. We assume that the robot detects and models nearby obstacle…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Anusha Srikanthan , Yifan Xue , Vijay Kumar , Nikolai Matni , Nadia Figueroa

As AI systems evolve into distributed ecosystems with autonomous execution, asynchronous reasoning, and multi-agent coordination, the absence of scalable, decoupled governance poses a structural risk. Existing oversight mechanisms are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Suyash Gaurav , Jukka Heikkonen , Jatin Chaudhary

Tool-calling autonomous agents based on large language models using ReAct exhibit three limitations: serial latency, quadratic context growth, and vulnerability to prompt injection and hallucination. Recent work moves towards separating…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Cormac Guerin , Frank Guerin

LLM debugging agents that consume cloud logs and execute remediation commands are vulnerable to indirect prompt injection through log content. We present LogJack, a benchmark of 42 payloads across 5 cloud log categories, and evaluate 8…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Harsh Shah

Although LLM-based agents, powered by Large Language Models (LLMs), can use external tools and memory mechanisms to solve complex real-world tasks, they may also introduce critical security vulnerabilities. However, the existing literature…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Hanrong Zhang , Jingyuan Huang , Kai Mei , Yifei Yao , Zhenting Wang , Chenlu Zhan , Hongwei Wang , Yongfeng Zhang

Large language models are increasingly proposed as autonomous agents for high-stakes public workflows, yet we lack systematic evidence about whether they would follow institutional rules when granted authority. We present evidence that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Vedanta S P , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru