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AI web agents use Internet resources at far greater speed, scale, and complexity -- changing how users and services interact. Deployed maliciously or erroneously, these agents could overload content providers. At the same time, web agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Abhinav Kumar , Jaechul Roh , Ali Naseh , Amir Houmansadr , Eugene Bagdasarian

AI agents are increasingly deployed as autonomous systems capable of planning, tool use, and multi-agent collaboration across complex tasks. However, existing agent-related protocols focus on agent-to-agent interactions, leaving humans as…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Zhiyuan Liang , Enfang Cui , Qian Wei , Rui She , Tianzheng Li , Minxin Guo , Yujun Cheng

Personal AI agents like OpenClaw run with elevated privileges on users' local machines, where a single successful prompt injection can leak credentials, redirect financial transactions, or destroy files. This threat goes well beyond…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Bowen Wei , Yunbei Zhang , Jinhao Pan , Kai Mei , Xiao Wang , Jihun Hamm , Ziwei Zhu , Yingqiang Ge

What is agency, and why does it matter? In this work, we draw from the political science and philosophy literature and give two competing visions of what it means to be an (ethical) agent. The first view, which we term mechanistic, is…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Jessica Dai

From automated intrusion testing to discovery of zero-day attacks before software launch, agentic AI calls for great promises in security engineering. This strong capability is bound with a similar threat: the security and research…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Brian Challita , Pierre Parrend

As AI agents increasingly perform economic tasks on behalf of humans, a fundamental tension arises between agent autonomy and human control over financial assets. We present the Agent Economic Sovereignty Protocol (AESP), a layered protocol…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jian Sheng Wang

Autonomous AI agent ecosystems require stronger mechanisms for secure discovery, identity verification, capability attestation, and policy governance. Current deployments frequently lack (1) uniform agent discovery, (2) cryptographic agent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Akshay Mittal , Elyson De La Cruz

Agents based on large language models leverage tools to modify environments, revolutionizing how AI interacts with the physical world. Unlike traditional NLP tasks that rely solely on historical dialogue for responses, these agents must…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Peijie Yu , Yifan Yang , Jinjian Li , Zelong Zhang , Haorui Wang , Xiao Feng , Feng Zhang

Over the last years, most websites on which users can register (e.g., email providers and social networks) adopted CAPTCHAs (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) as a countermeasure against automated…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2015-12-18 Mauro Conti , Claudio Guarisco , Riccardo Spolaor

Several approaches have been developed for answering users' specific questions about AI behavior and for assessing their core functionality in terms of primitive executable actions. However, the problem of summarizing an AI agent's broad…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Pulkit Verma , Shashank Rao Marpally , Siddharth Srivastava

This paper presents a Unified Security Architecture that fortifies the Agentic Web through a Zero-Trust IAM framework. This architecture is built on a foundation of rich, verifiable agent identities using Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Ken Huang , Yasir Mehmood , Hammad Atta , Jerry Huang , Muhammad Zeeshan Baig , Sree Bhargavi Balija

To this date, CAPTCHAs have served as the first line of defense preventing unauthorized access by (malicious) bots to web-based services, while at the same time maintaining a trouble-free experience for human visitors. However, recent work…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Dorjan Hitaj , Briland Hitaj , Sushil Jajodia , Luigi V. Mancini

Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents have evolved from passive predictive tools into active entities capable of autonomous decision-making and environmental interaction, driven by the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs).…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Xiaolei Zhang , Lu Zhou , Xiaogang Xu , Jiafei Wu , Tianyu Du , Heqing Huang , Hao Peng , Zhe Liu

In this paper, we introduce Watch-And-Help (WAH), a challenge for testing social intelligence in agents. In WAH, an AI agent needs to help a human-like agent perform a complex household task efficiently. To succeed, the AI agent needs to i)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Xavier Puig , Tianmin Shu , Shuang Li , Zilin Wang , Yuan-Hong Liao , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Sanja Fidler , Antonio Torralba

Agentic AI marks an important transition from single-step generative models to systems capable of reasoning, planning, acting, and adapting over long-lasting tasks. By integrating memory, tool use, and iterative decision cycles, these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Sahaya Jestus Lazer , Kshitiz Aryal , Maanak Gupta , Elisa Bertino

We introduce WebGames, a comprehensive benchmark suite designed to evaluate general-purpose web-browsing AI agents through a collection of 50+ interactive challenges. These challenges are specifically crafted to be straightforward for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 George Thomas , Alex J. Chan , Jikun Kang , Wenqi Wu , Filippos Christianos , Fraser Greenlee , Andy Toulis , Marvin Purtorab

This study evaluated the ability of ChatGPT, a recently developed artificial intelligence (AI) agent, to perform high-level cognitive tasks and produce text that is indistinguishable from human-generated text. This capacity raises concerns…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Teo Susnjak

Some Question Answering (QA) systems rely on knowledge bases (KBs) to provide accurate answers. Entity Linking (EL) plays a critical role in linking natural language mentions to KB entries. However, most existing EL methods are designed for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yajie Luo , Yihong Wu , Muzhi Li , Jia Ao Sun , Xinyu Wang , Liheng Ma , Yingxue Zhang , Jian-Yun Nie

The diversity of agent behaviors is an important topic for the quality of video games and virtual environments in general. Offering the most compelling experience for users with different skills is a difficult task, and usually needs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Ciprian Paduraru , Miruna Paduraru

The rise of AI agents introduces a fundamental shift in Visual Analytics (VA), in which agents act as a new user group. Current agentic approaches - based on computer vision and raw DOM access - fail to perform VA tasks accurately and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Tobias Stähle , Péter Ferenc Gyarmati , Thilo Spinner , Rita Sevastjanova , Dominik Moritz , Mennatallah El-Assady