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The rapid pace of recent research in AI has been driven in part by the presence of fast and challenging simulation environments. These environments often take the form of games; with tasks ranging from simple board games, to competitive…

AI agents increasingly call tools via the Model Context Protocol (MCP) and delegate to other agents via Agent-to-Agent (A2A), yet neither protocol verifies agent identity. A scan of approximately 2,000 MCP servers found all lacked…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Sunil Prakash

CAPTCHAs have been a critical bottleneck for deploying web agents in real-world applications, often blocking them from completing end-to-end automation tasks. While modern multimodal LLM agents have demonstrated impressive performance in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yaxin Luo , Zhaoyi Li , Jiacheng Liu , Jiacheng Cui , Xiaohan Zhao , Zhiqiang Shen

Autonomous AI agents powered by large language models are being deployed in production with capabilities including shell execution, file system access, database queries, and multi-party communication. Recent red teaming research…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Saikat Maiti

CAPTCHAs have long been essential tools for protecting applications from automated bots. Initially designed as simple questions to distinguish humans from bots, they have become increasingly complex to keep pace with the proliferation of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Ziqi Ding , Gelei Deng , Yi Liu , Junchen Ding , Jieshan Chen , Yulei Sui , Yuekang Li

AI agents have been boosted by large language models. AI agents can function as intelligent assistants and complete tasks on behalf of their users with access to tools and the ability to execute commands in their environments. Through…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Yifeng He , Ethan Wang , Yuyang Rong , Zifei Cheng , Hao Chen

CAPTCHAs are widely used by websites to block bots and spam by presenting challenges that are easy for humans but difficult for automated programs to solve. To improve accessibility, audio CAPTCHAs are designed to complement visual ones.…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Ziqi Ding , Yunfeng Wan , Wei Song , Yi Liu , Gelei Deng , Nan Sun , Huadong Mo , Jingling Xue , Shidong Pan , Yuekang Li

Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart, short for CAPTCHA, is an essential and relatively easy way to defend against malicious attacks implemented by bots. The security and usability trade-off limits the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Zisheng Xu , Qiao Yan , F. Richard Yu , Victor C. M. Leung

Recent advances in AI are transforming AI's ubiquitous presence in our world from that of standalone AI-applications into deeply integrated AI-agents. These changes have been driven by agents' increasing capability to autonomously make…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Jose Sanchez Vicarte , Marcin Spoczynski , Mostafa Elsaid

Agentic AI systems -- Large Language Models (LLMs) augmented with planning, tool use, memory, and long-horizon interactions -- can execute complex tasks autonomously, but their multi-step trajectories introduce new failure modes that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jinhu Qi , Muzhi Li , Jiahong Liu , Yuqin Shu , Dianzhi Yu , Shicheng Ma , Wenqian Cui , Yiyang Zhao , Yiyi Chen , Ruoxi Jiang , Irwin King , Zenglin Xu

Agentic AI systems automate enterprise workflows but existing defenses--guardrails, semantic filters--are probabilistic and routinely bypassed. We introduce authenticated workflows, the first complete trust layer for enterprise agentic AI.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Mohan Rajagopalan , Vinay Rao

Customer service automation is undergoing a structural transformation. The dominant paradigm is shifting from scripted chatbots and single-agent responders toward networks of specialised AI agents that compose capabilities dynamically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Cosimo Spera

The rapid deployment of autonomous AI agents creates urgent challenges around authorization, accountability, and access control in digital spaces. New standards are needed to know whom AI agents act on behalf of and guide their use…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Tobin South , Samuele Marro , Thomas Hardjono , Robert Mahari , Cedric Deslandes Whitney , Dazza Greenwood , Alan Chan , Alex Pentland

The safety of autonomous AI agents is increasingly recognized as a critical open problem. As agents transition from passive text generators to active actors capable of executing shell commands, modifying files, calling APIs, and browsing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ashwin Aravind

AI agents are increasingly granted economic agency (executing trades, managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and spawning sub-agents), yet current frameworks gate this agency on capability benchmarks that are empirically uncorrelated with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Rahul Baxi

Autonomous agents based on large language models (LLMs) are rapidly emerging as a general-purpose technology, with recent systems such as OpenClaw extending their capabilities through broad tool use, third-party skills, and deeper…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Lukas Pirch , Micha Horlboge , Patrick Großmann , Syeda Mahnur Asif , Klim Kireev , Thorsten Holz , Konrad Rieck

Autonomous AI agents powered by Large Language Models can reason, plan, and execute complex tasks, but their ability to autonomously retrieve information and run code introduces significant security risks. Existing approaches attempt to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Hongyi Lu , Nian Liu , Shuai Wang , Fengwei Zhang

Agentic AI systems present both significant opportunities and novel risks due to their capacity for autonomous action, encompassing tasks such as code execution, internet interaction, and file modification. This poses considerable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Shaun Khoo , Jessica Foo , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Agentic Artificial Intelligence (AI) can autonomously pursue long-term goals, make decisions, and execute complex, multi-turn workflows. Unlike traditional generative AI, which responds reactively to prompts, agentic AI proactively…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Anirban Mukherjee , Hannah Hanwen Chang

As multi-agent systems evolve to encompass increasingly diverse and specialized agents, the challenge of enabling effective collaboration between heterogeneous agents has become paramount, with traditional agent communication protocols…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Ken Huang , Akram Sheriff , Vineeth Sai Narajala , Idan Habler