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Modern AI acceleration faces a fundamental challenge: conventional assumptions about memory requirements, batching effectiveness, and latency-throughput tradeoffs are systemwide generalizations that ignore the heterogeneous computational…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Haoran Jin , Jirong Yang , Yunpeng Liu , Barry Lyu , Kangqi Zhang , Nathaniel Bleier

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable results. However, existing models are expensive to train and deploy, and it is also difficult to expand their knowledge beyond pre-training data without forgetting previous knowledge.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Yikang Shen , Zheyu Zhang , Tianyou Cao , Shawn Tan , Zhenfang Chen , Chuang Gan

Mixture of Experts (MoE) has become a key architectural paradigm for efficiently scaling Large Language Models (LLMs) by selectively activating a subset of parameters for each input token. However, standard MoE architectures face…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zehua Liu , Han Wu , Ruifeng She , Xiaojin Fu , Xiongwei Han , Tao Zhong , Mingxuan Yuan

This research combines Knowledge Distillation (KD) and Mixture of Experts (MoE) to develop modular, efficient multilingual language models. Key objectives include evaluating adaptive versus fixed alpha methods in KD and comparing modular…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Mohammed Al-Maamari , Mehdi Ben Amor , Michael Granitzer

Mixture-of-experts (MoE) is gaining increasing attention due to its unique properties and remarkable performance, especially for language tasks. By sparsely activating a subset of parameters for each token, MoE architecture could increase…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Ka Man Lo , Zeyu Huang , Zihan Qiu , Zili Wang , Jie Fu

Large language models are typically deployed as monolithic systems, requiring the full model even when applications need only a narrow subset of capabilities, e.g., code, math, or domain-specific knowledge. Mixture-of-Experts (MoEs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Ryan Wang , Akshita Bhagia , Sewon Min

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) has driven the adoption of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures as a promising solution to scale model capacity while controlling computational costs. However, deploying MoE models in…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Muqing Li , Ning Li , Xin Yuan , Wenchao Xu , Quan Chen , Song Guo , Haijun Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) based on transformers have made significant strides in recent years, the success of which is driven by scaling up their model size. Despite their high algorithmic performance, the computational and memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Ranggi Hwang , Jianyu Wei , Shijie Cao , Changho Hwang , Xiaohu Tang , Ting Cao , Mao Yang

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) is a widely known neural architecture where an ensemble of specialized sub-models optimizes overall performance with a constant computational cost. However, conventional MoEs pose challenges at scale due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Ted Zadouri , Ahmet Üstün , Arash Ahmadian , Beyza Ermiş , Acyr Locatelli , Sara Hooker

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) activates only a subset of experts during inference, allowing the model to maintain low inference FLOPs and latency even as the parameter count scales up. However, since MoE dynamically selects the experts, all the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Shibo Jie , Yehui Tang , Kai Han , Yitong Li , Duyu Tang , Zhi-Hong Deng , Yunhe Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in aiding developers with tasks like code comprehension, generation, and translation. Supporting multilingual programming -- i.e., coding tasks across multiple…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Yifan Zong , Yuntian Deng , Pengyu Nie

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) models are an emerging class of sparsely activated deep learning models that have sublinear compute costs with respect to their parameters. In contrast with dense models, the sparse architecture of MoE offers…

With the widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs), many deep learning practitioners are looking for strategies of running these models more efficiently. One such strategy is to use sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) - a type of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Artyom Eliseev , Denis Mazur

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) Large Language Models (LLMs) face a trilemma of load imbalance, parameter redundancy, and communication overhead. We introduce a unified framework based on dynamic expert clustering and structured compression to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Peijun Zhu , Ning Yang , Baoliang Tian , Jiayu Wei , Weihao Zhang , Haijun Zhang , Pin Lv

Scaling large language models has driven remarkable advancements across various domains, yet the continual increase in model size presents significant challenges for real-world deployment. The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture offers a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Shwai He , Daize Dong , Liang Ding , Ang Li

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture has demonstrated significant advantages in the era of Large Language Models (LLMs), offering enhanced capabilities with reduced inference costs. However, deploying MoE-based LLMs on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Peng Tang , Jiacheng Liu , Xiaofeng Hou , Yifei Pu , Jing Wang , Pheng-Ann Heng , Chao Li , Minyi Guo

We present MoE-MLA-RoPE, a novel architecture combination that combines Mixture of Experts (MoE) with Multi-head Latent Attention (MLA) and Rotary Position Embeddings (RoPE) for efficient language modeling. Our approach addresses the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Sushant Mehta , Raj Dandekar , Rajat Dandekar , Sreedath Panat

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture in large language models, highlighting its ability to significantly enhance model performance while maintaining minimal computational overhead. Through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Danyang Zhang , Junhao Song , Ziqian Bi , Xinyuan Song , Yingfang Yuan , Tianyang Wang , Joe Yeong , Junfeng Hao

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture has emerged as a key technique for scaling Large Language Models by activating only a subset of experts per query. Deploying MoE on consumer-grade edge hardware, however, is constrained by limited…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Guoying Zhu , Meng Li , Haipeng Dai , Xuechen Liu , Weijun Wang , Keran Li , Jun xiao , Ligeng Chen , Wei Wang

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) underscore the significance of scalable models and data to boost performance, yet this often incurs substantial computational costs. Although the Mixture of Experts (MoE)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Yunxin Li , Shenyuan Jiang , Baotian Hu , Longyue Wang , Wanqi Zhong , Wenhan Luo , Lin Ma , Min Zhang
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