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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising capabilities as automatic evaluators in assessing the quality of generated natural language. However, LLMs still exhibit biases in evaluation and often struggle to generate coherent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Yinhong Liu , Han Zhou , Zhijiang Guo , Ehsan Shareghi , Ivan Vulić , Anna Korhonen , Nigel Collier

As Large Language Models (LLMs) advance, their potential for widespread societal impact grows simultaneously. Hence, rigorous LLM evaluations are both a technical necessity and social imperative. While numerous evaluation benchmarks have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Jaime Raldua Veuthey , Zainab Ali Majid , Suhas Hariharan , Jacob Haimes

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as evaluators for natural language generation tasks, ensuring unbiased assessments is essential. However, LLM evaluators often display biased preferences, such as favoring verbosity and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Hawon Jeong , ChaeHun Park , Jimin Hong , Hojoon Lee , Jaegul Choo

Non-Factoid (NF) Question Answering (QA) is challenging to evaluate due to diverse potential answers and no objective criterion. The commonly used automatic evaluation metrics like ROUGE or BERTScore cannot accurately measure semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Sihui Yang , Keping Bi , Wanqing Cui , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

Large language models (LLMs) are being widely applied across various fields, but as tasks become more complex, evaluating their responses is increasingly challenging. Compared to human evaluators, the use of LLMs to support performance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Yuran Li , Jama Hussein Mohamud , Chongren Sun , Di Wu , Benoit Boulet

With the rapid improvement in the general capabilities of LLMs, LLM personalization, i.e., how to build LLM systems that can generate personalized responses or services that are tailored to distinct user personas, has become an increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Meiling Tao , Chenghao Zhu , Dongyi Ding , Tiannan Wang , Yuchen Eleanor Jiang , Wangchunshu Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used as proxies for human labelers in both training (Reinforcement Learning from AI Feedback) and large-scale response evaluation (LLM-as-a-judge). Alignment and evaluation are critical components in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Tuhina Tripathi , Manya Wadhwa , Greg Durrett , Scott Niekum

Misalignment between claims and their cited evidence is a common failure mode in reports generated by large language models, limiting their reliability in scientific and other high-stakes settings. We present DeepSciVerify, a two-stage…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Shaghayegh Sadeghi , Khashayar Khajavi , Rise Adhikari , Alexander Tessier

LLM-based judges have emerged as a scalable alternative to human evaluation and are increasingly used to assess, compare, and improve models. However, the reliability of LLM-based judges themselves is rarely scrutinized. As LLMs become more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Sijun Tan , Siyuan Zhuang , Kyle Montgomery , William Y. Tang , Alejandro Cuadron , Chenguang Wang , Raluca Ada Popa , Ion Stoica

There is a lack of benchmarks for evaluating large language models (LLMs) in long-form medical question answering (QA). Most existing medical QA evaluation benchmarks focus on automatic metrics and multiple-choice questions. While valuable,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Pedram Hosseini , Jessica M. Sin , Bing Ren , Bryceton G. Thomas , Elnaz Nouri , Ali Farahanchi , Saeed Hassanpour

Understanding research papers remains challenging for foundation models due to specialized scientific discourse and complex figures and tables, yet existing benchmarks offer limited fine-grained evaluation at scale. To address this gap, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Yelin Chen , Fanjin Zhang , Suping Sun , Yunhe Pang , Yuanchun Wang , Jian Song , Xiaoyan Li , Lei Hou , Shu Zhao , Jie Tang , Juanzi Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming scholarly tasks like search and summarization, but their reliability remains uncertain. Current evaluation metrics for testing LLM reliability are primarily automated approaches that prioritize…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Anna Martin-Boyle , William Humphreys , Martha Brown , Cara Leckey , Harmanpreet Kaur

Large Language Models (LLMs)' search capabilities have garnered significant attention. Existing benchmarks, such as OpenAI's BrowseComp, primarily focus on general search scenarios and fail to adequately address the specific demands of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Junting Zhou , Wang Li , Yiyan Liao , Nengyuan Zhang , Tingjia Miao , Zhihui Qi , Yuhan Wu , Tong Yang

Long-form question answering (LFQA) demands nuanced evaluation of multi-sentence explanatory responses, yet existing metrics often fail to reflect human judgment. We present LFQA-HP-1M, a large-scale dataset comprising 1.3M human pairwise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Rafid Ishrak Jahan , Fahmid Shahriar Iqbal , Sagnik Ray Choudhury

The advent of large language models (LLMs) offers unprecedented opportunities to reimagine peer review beyond the constraints of traditional workflows. Despite these opportunities, prior efforts have largely focused on replicating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Yaohui Zhang , Haijing Zhang , Wenlong Ji , Tianyu Hua , Nick Haber , Hancheng Cao , Weixin Liang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in both academic and industry settings to automate the evaluation of information seeking systems, particularly by generating graded relevance judgments. Previous work on LLM-based…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Negar Arabzadeh , Charles L. A. Clarke

Multileaved comparison methods generalize interleaved comparison methods to provide a scalable approach for comparing ranking systems based on regular user interactions. Such methods enable the increasingly rapid research and development of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-11-28 Harrie Oosterhuis , Maarten de Rijke

Question Answering (QA) on narrative text poses a unique challenge to current systems, requiring a deep understanding of long, complex documents. However, the reliability of NarrativeQA, the most widely used benchmark in this domain, is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Tommaso Bonomo , Luca Gioffré , Roberto Navigli

Instruction-following is a foundational capability of large language models (LLMs), with its improvement hinging on scalable and accurate feedback from judge models. However, the reliability of current judge models in instruction-following…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Bosi Wen , Yilin Niu , Cunxiang Wang , Xiaoying Ling , Ying Zhang , Pei Ke , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang

Despite the utility of Large Language Models (LLMs) across a wide range of tasks and scenarios, developing a method for reliably evaluating LLMs across varied contexts continues to be challenging. Modern evaluation approaches often use LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Steffi Chern , Ethan Chern , Graham Neubig , Pengfei Liu
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