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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive mathematical reasoning capabilities, yet their performance remains brittle to minor variations in problem description and prompting strategy. Furthermore, reasoning is vulnerable to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Sam Silver , Jimin Sun , Ivan Zhang , Sara Hooker , Eddie Kim

Chain of Thought (CoT) is significant in improving the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). However, the correlation between the effectiveness of CoT and the length of reasoning steps in prompts remains largely unknown. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Mingyu Jin , Qinkai Yu , Dong Shu , Haiyan Zhao , Wenyue Hua , Yanda Meng , Yongfeng Zhang , Mengnan Du

Reasoning has become a central capability in large language models. Recent research has shown that reasoning performance can be improved by looping an LLM's layers in the latent dimension, resulting in looped reasoning language models.…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across diverse tasks, yet their ability to perform structured symbolic planning remains limited, particularly in domains requiring formal representations like the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Pulkit Verma , Ngoc La , Anthony Favier , Swaroop Mishra , Julie A. Shah

This paper investigates the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in formulating and solving decision-making problems using mathematical programming. We first conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of recent literature to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Mohammad J. Abdel-Rahman , Yasmeen Alslman , Dania Refai , Amro Saleh , Malik A. Abu Loha , Mohammad Yahya Hamed

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely deployed in downstream tasks, but keeping their knowledge up-to-date via retraining or fine-tuning is often computationally expensive. Model editing provides a more efficient alternative by updating a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Bhiman Kumar Baghel , Emma Jordan , Zheyuan Ryan Shi , Xiang Lorraine Li

Large language models (LLMs) now solve multi-step problems by emitting extended chains of thought. During the process, they often re-derive the same intermediate steps across problems, inflating token usage and latency. This saturation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Aniket Didolkar , Nicolas Ballas , Sanjeev Arora , Anirudh Goyal

The rapid advancements in large Language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced their reasoning capabilities, driven by various strategies such as multi-agent collaboration. However, unlike the well-established performance improvements…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Zihan Chen , Song Wang , Zhen Tan , Xingbo Fu , Zhenyu Lei , Peng Wang , Huan Liu , Cong Shen , Jundong Li

Instruction-based image editing has emerged as a prominent research area, which, benefiting from image generation foundation models, have achieved high aesthetic quality, making instruction-following capability the primary challenge.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Hongyu Li , Manyuan Zhang , Dian Zheng , Ziyu Guo , Yimeng Jia , Kaituo Feng , Hao Yu , Yexin Liu , Yan Feng , Peng Pei , Xunliang Cai , Linjiang Huang , Hongsheng Li , Si Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited strong mathematical reasoning prowess, tackling tasks ranging from basic arithmetic to advanced competition-level problems. However, frequently occurring subtle yet critical errors, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Kaishuai Xu , Tiezheng Yu , Wenjun Hou , Yi Cheng , Chak Tou Leong , Liangyou Li , Xin Jiang , Lifeng Shang , Qun Liu , Wenjie Li

Long-horizon tasks requiring multi-step reasoning and dynamic re-planning remain challenging for large language models (LLMs). Sequential prompting methods are prone to context drift, loss of goal information, and recurrent failure cycles,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Zhenyu Zhang , Tianyi Chen , Weiran Xu , Alex Pentland , Jiaxin Pei

Recent large language models (LLMs) show promise in design tasks, yet a fundamental misalignment persists: design thinking requires iterative intent formulation, while LLMs treat inputs as complete specifications. This challenges design…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Anqi Wang , Zhengyi Li , Xin Tong , Pan Hui

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, yet they struggle with inconsistent reasoning, particularly in novel domains and complex logical sequences. This research introduces Proof of Thought, a framework…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Debargha Ganguly , Srinivasan Iyengar , Vipin Chaudhary , Shivkumar Kalyanaraman

Recent breakthroughs in large language models (LLMs), particularly in reasoning capabilities, have propelled Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) to unprecedented levels. By synergizing retrieval mechanisms with advanced reasoning, LLMs can…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Yunfan Gao , Yun Xiong , Yijie Zhong , Yuxi Bi , Ming Xue , Haofen Wang

Recent advancements in the reasoning skills of Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate an increase in the ability of LLMs to solve simple planning tasks. However, as long as the driving force behind improved reasoning capability is the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Andrey Borro , Patricia J Riddle , Michael W Barley , Michael J Witbrock

Due to the size and complexity of modern large language models (LLMs), it has proven challenging to uncover the underlying mechanisms that models use to solve reasoning problems. For instance, is their reasoning for a specific problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Guan Zhe Hong , Nishanth Dikkala , Enming Luo , Cyrus Rashtchian , Xin Wang , Rina Panigrahy

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human objectives is crucial for real-world applications. However, fine-tuning LLMs for alignment often suffers from unstable training and requires substantial computing resources. Test-time…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Lingkai Kong , Haorui Wang , Wenhao Mu , Yuanqi Du , Yuchen Zhuang , Yifei Zhou , Yue Song , Rongzhi Zhang , Kai Wang , Chao Zhang

Looped computation shows promise in improving the reasoning-oriented performance of LLMs by scaling test-time compute. However, existing approaches typically require either training recurrent models from scratch or applying disruptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Taekhyun Park , Yongjae Lee , Dohee Kim , Hyerim Bae

In this work, we study whether multilingual language models (MultiLMs) can transfer logical reasoning abilities to other languages when they are fine-tuned for reasoning in a different language. We evaluate the cross-lingual reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Negar Foroutan , Mohammadreza Banaei , Karl Aberer , Antoine Bosselut

Code reasoning is a fundamental capability for large language models (LLMs) in the code domain. It involves understanding and predicting a program's execution behavior, such as determining the output for a given input or whether a specific…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Lingxiao Tang , He Ye , Zhongxin Liu , Xiaoxue Ren , Lingfeng Bao
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