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Autonomous control systems face significant challenges in performing complex tasks in the presence of latent risks. To address this, we propose an integrated framework that combines Large Language Models (LLMs), numerical optimization, and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-08 Xiyu Deng , Quan Khanh Luu , Anh Van Ho , Yorie Nakahira

Decision-making is a complex process requiring diverse abilities, making it an excellent framework for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs). Researchers have examined LLMs' decision-making through the lens of Game Theory. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Jen-tse Huang , Eric John Li , Man Ho Lam , Tian Liang , Wenxuan Wang , Youliang Yuan , Wenxiang Jiao , Xing Wang , Zhaopeng Tu , Michael R. Lyu

We introduce an approach to evaluate language model (LM) agency using negotiation games. This approach better reflects real-world use cases and addresses some of the shortcomings of alternative LM benchmarks. Negotiation games enable us to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Tim R. Davidson , Veniamin Veselovsky , Martin Josifoski , Maxime Peyrard , Antoine Bosselut , Michal Kosinski , Robert West

Decision conferences are structured, collaborative meetings that bring together experts from various fields to address complex issues and reach a consensus on recommendations for future actions or policies. These conferences often rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Selina Heller , Mohamed Ibrahim , David Antony Selby , Sebastian Vollmer

As AI systems become increasingly integrated into human lives, endowing them with robust social intelligence has emerged as a critical frontier. A key aspect of this intelligence is discerning truth from deception, a ubiquitous element of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Caixin Kang , Yifei Huang , Liangyang Ouyang , Mingfang Zhang , Yoichi Sato

The tremendous potential has been demonstrated by large language models (LLMs) in intelligent decision-making problems, with unprecedented capabilities shown across diverse applications ranging from gaming AI systems to complex strategic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Zongyuan Li , Yanan Ni , Runnan Qi , Lumin Jiang , Chang Lu , Xiaojie Xu , Xiangbei Liu , Pengfei Li , Yunzheng Guo , Zhe Ma , Huanyu Li , Hui Wu , Xian Guo , Kuihua Huang , Xuebo Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have the capacity of performing complex scheduling in a multi-agent system and can coordinate these agents into completing sophisticated tasks that require extensive collaboration. However, despite the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Ran Gong , Qiuyuan Huang , Xiaojian Ma , Hoi Vo , Zane Durante , Yusuke Noda , Zilong Zheng , Song-Chun Zhu , Demetri Terzopoulos , Li Fei-Fei , Jianfeng Gao

This paper introduces Werewolf Arena, a novel framework for evaluating large language models (LLMs) through the lens of the classic social deduction game, Werewolf. In Werewolf Arena, LLMs compete against each other, navigating the game's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Suma Bailis , Jane Friedhoff , Feiyang Chen

This paper asks whether large language models (LLMs) can be used to study the strategic foundations of conflict and cooperation. I introduce LLMs as experimental subjects in a repeated security dilemma and evaluate whether they reproduce…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Maxim Chupilkin

Self-evolving agents offer a promising path toward scalable autonomy. However, in this work, we show that in competitive environments, self-evolution can instead give rise to a serious and previously underexplored risk: the spontaneous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Zonghao Ying , Haowen Dai , Tianyuan Zhang , Yisong Xiao , Quanchen Zou , Aishan Liu , Jian Yang , Yaodong Yang , Xianglong Liu

While large language models (LLMs) present significant potential for supporting numerous real-world applications and delivering positive social impacts, they still face significant challenges in terms of the inherent risk of privacy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Huandong Wang , Wenjie Fu , Yingzhou Tang , Zhilong Chen , Yuxi Huang , Jinghua Piao , Chen Gao , Fengli Xu , Tao Jiang , Yong Li

We introduce the framework of LLM-Stackelberg games, a class of sequential decision-making models that integrate large language models (LLMs) into strategic interactions between a leader and a follower. Departing from classical Stackelberg…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Quanyan Zhu

Large language models (LLMs) are in the ascendancy for research in drug discovery, offering unprecedented opportunities to reshape drug research by accelerating hypothesis generation, optimizing candidate prioritization, and enabling more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Tianyu Liu , Sihan Jiang , Fan Zhang , Kunyang Sun , Teresa Head-Gordon , Hongyu Zhao

As large language models (LLMs) grow more capable, concerns about their safe deployment have also grown. Although alignment mechanisms have been introduced to deter misuse, they remain vulnerable to carefully designed adversarial prompts.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Xinbo Wu , Abhishek Umrawal , Lav R. Varshney

The widespread use of Large Language Model (LLM)-based conversational agents (CAs), especially in high-stakes domains, raises many privacy concerns. Building ethical LLM-based CAs that respect user privacy requires an in-depth understanding…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Zhiping Zhang , Michelle Jia , Hao-Ping Lee , Bingsheng Yao , Sauvik Das , Ada Lerner , Dakuo Wang , Tianshi Li

Large language models (LLMs) are evolving into agentic systems that reason, plan, and operate external tools. The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is a key enabler of this transition, offering a standardized interface for connecting LLMs with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Xuanjun Zong , Zhiqi Shen , Lei Wang , Yunshi Lan , Chao Yang

Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) enable novel use cases in domains where responsible action is increasingly important. Yet the inherent unpredictability of LLMs raises safety concerns about agent reliability. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Jan Chojnacki

Conversational AI systems have emerged as key enablers of human-like interactions across diverse sectors. Nevertheless, the balance between linguistic nuance and factual accuracy has proven elusive. In this paper, we first introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Ahtsham Zafar , Venkatesh Balavadhani Parthasarathy , Chan Le Van , Saad Shahid , Aafaq Iqbal khan , Arsalan Shahid

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive fluency and reasoning capabilities, but their potential for misuse has raised growing concern. In this paper, we present ScamAgent, an autonomous multi-turn agent built on top of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Sanket Badhe

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in decision-critical domains, it becomes essential to ensure that their confidence estimates faithfully correspond to their actual correctness. Existing calibration methods have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Ke Fang , Tianyi Zhao , Lu Cheng