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Visual captioning requires models to capture visual content faithfully while minimizing both omission and hallucination. As the dominant paradigm for captioning, MLLMs have achieved strong performance through scaling and high-quality data.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Xingyu Lu , Jinpeng Wang , Yi-Fan Zhang , Yankai Yang , Yancheng Long , Yiyang Fan , Xuanyu Zheng , Haonan Fan , Kaiyu Jiang , Tianke Zhang , Changyi Liu , Bin Wen , Fan Yang , Tingting Gao , Han Li , Chun Yuan

Recently, large multi-modal models (LMMs) have emerged with the capacity to perform vision tasks such as captioning and visual question answering (VQA) with unprecedented accuracy. Applications such as helping the blind or visually impaired…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Julian Martin Eisenschlos , Hernán Maina , Guido Ivetta , Luciana Benotti

Recent multimodal image generators such as GPT-4o, Gemini 2.0 Flash, and Gemini 2.5 Pro excel at following complex instructions, editing images and maintaining concept consistency. However, they are still evaluated by disjoint toolkits:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Hang Hua , Ziyun Zeng , Yizhi Song , Yunlong Tang , Liu He , Daniel Aliaga , Wei Xiong , Jiebo Luo

Metrics for Visual Grounding (VG) in Visual Question Answering (VQA) systems primarily aim to measure a system's reliance on relevant parts of the image when inferring an answer to the given question. Lack of VG has been a common problem…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Daniel Reich , Felix Putze , Tanja Schultz

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) excel in various vision-language tasks. Yet, their robustness to visual variations in position, scale, orientation, and context that objects in natural scenes inevitably exhibit due to changes in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Zhiyuan Fan , Yumeng Wang , Sandeep Polisetty , Yi R. Fung

A pervasive intuition holds that vision-language models (VLMs) are most trustworthy when their attention maps look sharp: concentrated attention on the queried region should imply a confident, calibrated answer. We test this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Logan Mann , Ajit Saravanan , Ishan Dave , Shikhar Shiromani , Saadullah Ismail , Yi Xia , Emily Huang

Vision-language models (VLMs) have advanced rapidly, yet their capacity for image-grounded geolocation in open-world conditions, a task that is challenging and of demand in real life, has not been comprehensively evaluated. We present…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zhaofang Qian , Hardy Chen , Zeyu Wang , Li Zhang , Zijun Wang , Xiaoke Huang , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Zeyu Zheng , Haoqin Tu , Cihang Xie , Yuyin Zhou

Can Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) develop an intuitive number sense similar to humans? Targeting this problem, we introduce Visual Number Benchmark (VisNumBench) to evaluate the number sense abilities of MLLMs across a wide range…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Tengjin Weng , Jingyi Wang , Wenhao Jiang , Zhong Ming

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have attained exceptional success across multimodal tasks such as image captioning and visual question answering. However, their robustness under noisy conditions remains unfamiliar. In this study, we present a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Purushoth , Alireza

Vision-language models (VLMs) frequently generate hallucinated content plausible but incorrect claims about image content. We propose a training-free self-correction framework enabling VLMs to iteratively refine responses through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Kassoum Sanogo , Renzo Ardiccioni

The rapidly evolving sector of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) is at the forefront of integrating linguistic and visual processing in artificial intelligence. This paper presents an in-depth comparative study of two pioneering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Zhangyang Qi , Ye Fang , Mengchen Zhang , Zeyi Sun , Tong Wu , Ziwei Liu , Dahua Lin , Jiaqi Wang , Hengshuang Zhao

We introduce a new benchmark designed to advance the development of general-purpose, large-scale vision-language models for remote sensing images. Although several vision-language datasets in remote sensing have been proposed to pursue this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Xiang Li , Jian Ding , Mohamed Elhoseiny

Vision-language models (VLMs) excel at broad visual understanding but remain coarse-grained, exhibit visual biases, and miss subtle visual details. Existing training corpora reinforce this limitation by emphasizing general recognition ("Is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Damiano Marsili , Aditya Mehta , Ryan Y. Lin , Georgia Gkioxari

Visual Question Answering (VQA) has been a widely studied topic, with extensive research focusing on how VLMs respond to answerable questions based on real-world images. However, there has been limited exploration of how these models handle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Asir Saadat , Syem Aziz , Shahriar Mahmud , Abdullah Ibne Masud Mahi , Sabbir Ahmed

Multimodal Vision Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as a transformative topic at the intersection of computer vision and natural language processing, enabling machines to perceive and reason about the world through both visual and textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Zongxia Li , Xiyang Wu , Hongyang Du , Fuxiao Liu , Huy Nghiem , Guangyao Shi

Model comparison is the cornerstone of theoretical progress in psychological research. Common practice overwhelmingly relies on tools that evaluate competing models by balancing in-sample descriptive adequacy against model flexibility, with…

Applications · Statistics 2021-10-11 Viet-Hung Dao , David Gunawan , Minh-Ngoc Tran , Robert Kohn , Guy E. Hawkins , Scott D. Brown

Vision--Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated success across diverse applications, yet their potential to assist in relevance judgments remains uncertain. This paper assesses the relevance estimation capabilities of VLMs, including CLIP,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Jheng-Hong Yang , Jimmy Lin

Reward models play an essential role in training vision-language models (VLMs) by assessing output quality to enable aligning with human preferences. Despite their importance, the research community lacks comprehensive open benchmarks for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Michihiro Yasunaga , Luke Zettlemoyer , Marjan Ghazvininejad

FCMBench is the first large-scale and privacy-compliant multimodal benchmark for real-world financial credit applications, covering tasks and robustness challenges from domain specific workflows and constraints. The current version of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Yehui Yang , Dalu Yang , Fangxin Shang , Wenshuo Zhou , Jie Ren , Yifan Liu , Haojun Fei , Qing Yang , Yanwu Xu , Tao Chen

To leverage the full potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) it is crucial to have some information on their answers' uncertainty. This means that the model has to be able to quantify how certain it is in the correctness of a given…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Mirko Borszukovszki , Ivo Pascal de Jong , Matias Valdenegro-Toro