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Related papers: Data-Driven Trends and Subpopulations in the Gravi…

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We introduce the first complete non-parametric model for the astrophysical distribution of the binary black hole (BBH) population. Constructed from basis splines, we use these models to conduct the most comprehensive data-driven…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-29 Bruce Edelman , Ben Farr , Zoheyr Doctor

We analyze binary black hole (BBH) mergers from the latest Gravitational Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-3) using a flexible, non-parametric framework to infer the underlying black hole mass distribution. Our model employs Gaussian Processes…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-27 Ignacio Magaña Hernandez , Antonella Palmese

We investigate formation channels for merging binary black holes (BBHs) in GWTC-3, with a dedicated semiparametric population model. The model first describes or excludes a high-spin (with magnitudes of $\sim0.7$) and high-mass (ranging in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-11-08 Yin-Jie Li , Shao-Peng Tang , Shi-Jie Gao , Dao-Cheng Wu , Yuan-Zhu Wang

Understanding the astrophysical origins of binary black holes requires accurate and flexible modeling of multi-dimensional population properties. In this paper, using a data-driven framework based on binned Gaussian processes, we…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-01 Omkar Sridhar , Anarya Ray , Vicky Kalogera

Astrophysically motivated population models for binary black hole observables are often insufficient to capture the imprints of multiple formation channels. This is mainly due to the strongly parametrized nature of such investigations.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-04-05 Anarya Ray , Ignacio Magaña Hernandez , Katelyn Breivik , Jolien Creighton

Attempts to understand the formation of binary black hole (BBH) systems detected via gravitational wave (GW) emission are affected by many unknowns and uncertainties, from both the observational and theoretical (astrophysical modelling)…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-18 Jam Sadiq , Thomas Dent , Ana Lorenzo-Medina

Repeated black-hole mergers in dense stellar clusters are a plausible mechanism to populate the predicted gap in black hole masses due to the pair-instability supernova process. These hierarchical mergers carry distinct spin characteristics…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-06 Cailin Plunkett , Thomas Callister , Michael Zevin , Salvatore Vitale

With the release of the fourth LIGO--Virgo--KAGRA gravitational-wave catalog (GWTC-4), we are starting to gain a detailed view of the population of merging binary black holes. The formation channels of these black holes is not clearly…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-22 Sharan Banagiri , Eric Thrane , Paul D. Lasky

Hierarchical mergers of black holes are proposed as a mechanism to explain the observations of binary black holes with component masses between $\sim 50M_{\odot}\hbox{--}130M_{\odot}$ by LIGO/Virgo, often referred to as "upper mass gap". We…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-01-23 Parthapratim Mahapatra , Debatri Chattopadhyay , Anuradha Gupta , Marc Favata , B. S. Sathyaprakash , K. G. Arun

The complex astrophysical processes leading to the formation of binary black holes and their eventual merger are imprinted on the spins of the individual black holes. We revisit the astrophysical distribution of those spins based on…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-11-05 Asad Hussain , Maximiliano Isi , Aaron Zimmerman

Analyses of the growing catalog of binary black hole (BBH) mergers observed by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA detectors are beginning to resolve features in their population-level mass, spin, and redshift distributions, revealing imprints of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-26 April Qiu Cheng , Alexandre Toubiana , Sylvia Biscoveanu , Jonathan Gair

The population of binary black hole (BBH) mergers observed by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) collaboration offers a window into the cosmic evolution of compact binaries and their formation. We employ the semi-analytic population-synthesis code…

Gravitational waves provide a powerful probe of both the astrophysical processes driving black hole mergers and the dynamics of the Universe, but these measurements rely on accurately inferring the unknown underlying population. We perform…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-17 Vasco Gennari , Tom Bertheas , Nicola Tamanini

The fourth gravitational wave transient catalog~(GWTC-4) has enabled empirical probes of the theorized pair-instability gap in the higher end of the binary black hole~(BBH) mass-spectrum. In this letter, using flexibly parametrized models,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-02 Anarya Ray , Vicky Kalogera

Observations of gravitational waves (GWs) from merging compact binaries have become a regular occurrence. The continued advancement of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) Collaboration detectors have now produced a catalog of over 90 such mergers,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-04-01 Jaxen Godfrey , Bruce Edelman , Ben Farr

We use the gravitational wave signals from binary black hole merger events observed by LIGO and Virgo to reconstruct the underlying mass and spin distributions of the population of merging black holes. We reconstruct the population using…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-05-27 Vaibhav Tiwari , Stephen Fairhurst

Third-generation (3G) gravitational-wave (GW) detectors will be able to observe binary-black-hole mergers (BBHs) up to redshift of $\sim 30$. This gives unprecedented access to the formation and evolution of BBHs throughout cosmic history.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-14 Ken K. Y. Ng , Salvatore Vitale , Will M. Farr , Carl L. Rodriguez

The growing catalog of gravitational-wave detections from the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) collaboration reveals structure in the binary black hole (BBH) mass distribution, including peaks near m1 = 10 solar masses and m1 = 35 solar masses, a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-26 Shanika Galaudage

We present the population properties of merging compact binaries inferred using 267 mergers from the cumulative Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog 5.0. As this data set contains no new sources with a neutron star, we primarily focus on…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-27 The LIGO Scientific Collaboration , the Virgo Collaboration , the KAGRA Collaboration

With the recent release of the second gravitational-wave transient catalogue (GWTC-2), which introduced dozens of new detections, we are at a turning point of gravitational wave astronomy, as we are now able to directly infer constraints on…

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