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Tabular reasoning involves multi-step information extraction and logical inference over tabular data. While recent advances have leveraged large language models (LLMs) for reasoning over structured tables, such high-quality textual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Jun-Peng Jiang , Yu Xia , Hai-Long Sun , Shiyin Lu , Qing-Guo Chen , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , De-Chuan Zhan , Han-Jia Ye

Recent advances in RAG have shifted toward an agentic paradigm, where LLMs interact with retrieval systems over multiple turns and iteratively refine queries based on intermediate results. At the same time, LLMs have demonstrated a strong…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yuqi Zeng , Qixiang Deng , Yulei Wan , Ruiquan Jiang , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuanjing Huang

With the rapid advancement of tool-use capabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs), Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is shifting from static, one-shot retrieval toward autonomous, multi-turn evidence acquisition. However, existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Zhanli Li , Huiwen Tian , Lvzhou Luo , Yixuan Cao , Ping Luo

Multimodal embeddings are widely used in downstream tasks such as multimodal retrieval, enabling alignment of interleaved modalities in a shared representation space. While recent studies show that Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Chunxu Liu , Jiyuan Yang , Ruopeng Gao , Yuhan Zhu , Feng Zhu , Rui Zhao , Limin Wang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems for Large Language Models (LLMs) hold promise in knowledge-intensive tasks but face limitations in complex multi-step reasoning. While recent methods have integrated RAG with chain-of-thought…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Zhongxiang Sun , Qipeng Wang , Weijie Yu , Xiaoxue Zang , Kai Zheng , Jun Xu , Xiao Zhang , Song Yang , Han Li

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) can supplement large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge. However, as the number of retrieved documents increases, the input length to LLMs grows linearly, causing a dramatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yuankai Li , Jia-Chen Gu , Di Wu , Kai-Wei Chang , Nanyun Peng

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems critically depend on retrieval quality, yet no systematic comparison of modern retrieval methods exists for heterogeneous documents containing both text and tabular data. We benchmark ten…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Meftun Akarsu , Recep Kaan Karaman , Christopher Mierbach

With the increasing demand for step-wise, cross-modal, and knowledge-grounded reasoning, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are evolving beyond the traditional fixed retrieve-then-generate paradigm toward more sophisticated agentic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xuying Ning , Dongqi Fu , Tianxin Wei , Mengting Ai , Jiaru Zou , Ting-Wei Li , Hanghang Tong , Yada Zhu , Hendrik Hamann , Jingrui He

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become the standard paradigm for grounding Large Language Model outputs in external knowledge. Lumer et al. [1] presented the first systematic evaluation comparing vector-based agentic RAG against…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Afshan Hashmi

Organizations increasingly rely on proprietary enterprise data, including HR records, structured reports, and tabular documents, for critical decision-making. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have strong generative capabilities, they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Chandana Cheerla

This paper addresses the challenge of comprehending very long contexts in Large Language Models (LLMs) by proposing a method that emulates Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) through specialized prompt engineering and chain-of-thought…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Joon Park , Kyohei Atarashi , Koh Takeuchi , Hisashi Kashima

Question answering over visually rich documents (VRDs) requires reasoning not only over isolated content but also over documents' structural organization and cross-page dependencies. However, conventional retrieval-augmented generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhivar Sourati , Zheng Wang , Marianne Menglin Liu , Yazhe Hu , Mengqing Guo , Sujeeth Bharadwaj , Kyu Han , Tao Sheng , Sujith Ravi , Morteza Dehghani , Dan Roth

Universal Multimodal Retrieval (UMR) seeks any-to-any search across text and vision, yet modern embedding models remain brittle when queries require latent reasoning (e.g., resolving underspecified references or matching compositional…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jianrui Zhang , Anirudh Sundara Rajan , Brandon Han , Soochahn Lee , Sukanta Ganguly , Yong Jae Lee

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting enables complex reasoning in large language models (LLMs), including applications in information retrieval (IR). However, it often leads to overthinking, where models produce excessively long and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Dohyeon Lee , Yeonseok Jeong , Seung-won Hwang

Cross-modal retrieval is gaining increasing efficacy and interest from the research community, thanks to large-scale training, novel architectural and learning designs, and its application in LLMs and multimodal LLMs. In this paper, we move…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Davide Caffagni , Sara Sarto , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

Recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) still struggle with long document understanding due to two fundamental challenges: information interference from abundant irrelevant content, and the quadratic computational cost of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yongxin Shi , Jiapeng Wang , Zeyu Shan , Dezhi Peng , Zening Lin , Lianwen Jin

Recent advances in multimodal large reasoning models (MLRMs) have substantially improved their ability to solve complex textual and visual tasks. However, these models tend to overthink on simple problems, producing unnecessarily lengthy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Shuang Chen , Yue Guo , Yimeng Ye , Shijue Huang , Wenbo Hu , Haoxi Li , Manyuan Zhang , Jiayu Chen , Song Guo , Nanyun Peng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in answering questions, but they lack domain-specific knowledge and are prone to hallucinations. Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is one approach to address these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Monica Riedler , Stefan Langer

Transformers have a quadratic scaling of computational complexity with input size, which limits the input context window size of large language models (LLMs) in both training and inference. Meanwhile, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Yimin Tang , Yurong Xu , Ning Yan , Masood Mortazavi

Technical troubleshooting in enterprise environments often involves navigating diverse, heterogeneous data sources to resolve complex issues effectively. This paper presents a novel agentic AI solution built on a Weighted…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Rajat Khanda