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Temporal reasoning is pivotal for Large Language Models (LLMs) to comprehend the real world. However, existing works neglect the real-world challenges for temporal reasoning: (1) intensive temporal information, (2) fast-changing event…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Shaohang Wei , Wei Li , Feifan Song , Wen Luo , Tianyi Zhuang , Haochen Tan , Zhijiang Guo , Houfeng Wang

Although numerous strategies have recently been proposed to enhance the autonomous interaction capabilities of multimodal agents in graphical user interface (GUI), their reliability remains limited when faced with complex or out-of-domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Pengzhou Cheng , Lingzhong Dong , Zeng Wu , Zongru Wu , Xiangru Tang , Chengwei Qin , Zhuosheng Zhang , Gongshen Liu

Object search in large-scale, unstructured environments remains a fundamental challenge in robotics, particularly in dynamic or expansive settings such as outdoor autonomous exploration. This task requires robust spatial reasoning and the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Lanxiang Zheng , Ruidong Mei , Mingxin Wei , Hao Ren , Hui Cheng

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have made them powerful tools in embodied navigation, enabling agents to leverage commonsense and spatial reasoning for efficient exploration in…

Evaluating the performance of visual language models (VLMs) in graphic reasoning tasks has become an important research topic. However, VLMs still show obvious deficiencies in simulating human-level graphic reasoning capabilities,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Jianyi Zhang , Xu Ji , Ziyin Zhou , Yuchen Zhou , Shubo Shi , Haoyu Wu , Zhen Li , Shizhao Liu

Spatial cognition is essential for human intelligence, enabling problem-solving through visual simulations rather than solely relying on verbal reasoning. However, existing AI benchmarks primarily assess verbal reasoning, neglecting the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Linjie Li , Mahtab Bigverdi , Jiawei Gu , Zixian Ma , Yinuo Yang , Ziang Li , Yejin Choi , Ranjay Krishna

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely adopted as the core of agent frameworks in various scenarios, such as social simulations and AI companions. However, the extent to which they can replicate human-like motivations remains an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Xixian Yong , Jianxun Lian , Xiaoyuan Yi , Xiao Zhou , Xing Xie

What does a world model learn from physical exploration, without any linguistic supervision? We argue the answer is organized by a single principle: the geometric structure of the physical world. Training a VAE-based world model on random…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jiayi Fang

While Visual Large Language Models (VLLMs) show great promise as embodied agents, they continue to face substantial challenges in spatial reasoning. Existing embodied benchmarks largely focus on passive, static household environments and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Yifan Li , Lichi Li , Anh Dao , Xinyu Zhou , Yicheng Qiao , Zheda Mai , Daeun Lee , Zichen Chen , Zhen Tan , Mohit Bansal , Yu Kong

Large multimodal models have demonstrated impressive problem-solving abilities in vision and language tasks, and have the potential to encode extensive world knowledge. However, it remains an open challenge for these models to perceive,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Yew Ken Chia , Qi Sun , Lidong Bing , Soujanya Poria

VLN-CE is a recently released embodied task, where AI agents need to navigate a freely traversable environment to reach a distant target location, given language instructions. It poses great challenges due to the huge space of possible…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Hanqing Wang , Wei Liang , Luc Van Gool , Wenguan Wang

Escape rooms present a unique cognitive challenge that demands exploration-driven planning: with the sole instruction to 'escape the room', players must actively search their environment, collecting information, and finding solutions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Seungwon Lim , Sungwoong Kim , Jihwan Yu , Sungjae Lee , Jiwan Chung , Youngjae Yu

Constructing compact and informative 3D scene representations is essential for effective embodied exploration and reasoning, especially in complex environments over extended periods. Existing representations, such as object-centric 3D scene…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Yuncong Yang , Han Yang , Jiachen Zhou , Peihao Chen , Hongxin Zhang , Yilun Du , Chuang Gan

In recent years, as machine learning, particularly for vision and language understanding, has been improved, research in embedded AI has also evolved. VOYAGER is a well-known LLM-based embodied AI that enables autonomous exploration in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Wakana Haijima , Kou Nakakubo , Masahiro Suzuki , Yutaka Matsuo

Spatial reasoning is a fundamental capability of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), yet their performance in open aerial environments remains underexplored. In this work, we present Open3D-VQA, a novel benchmark for evaluating MLLMs'…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Weichen Zhang , Zile Zhou , Xin Zeng , Xuchen Liu , Jianjie Fang , Chen Gao , Yong Li , Jinqiang Cui , Xinlei Chen , Xiao-Ping Zhang

While large language models (LLMs) excel in mathematical and code reasoning, we observe they struggle with social reasoning tasks, exhibiting cognitive confusion, logical inconsistencies, and conflation between objective world states and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jialu Du , Guiyang Hou , Yihui Fu , Chen Wu , Wenqi Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Weiming Lu

Vision-language models (VLMs) work well in tasks ranging from image captioning to visual question answering (VQA), yet they struggle with spatial reasoning, a key skill for understanding our physical world that humans excel at. We find that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Michael Ogezi , Freda Shi

World models play a crucial role in understanding and predicting the dynamics of the world, which is essential for video generation. However, existing world models are confined to specific scenarios such as gaming or driving, limiting their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Xiaofeng Wang , Zheng Zhu , Guan Huang , Boyuan Wang , Xinze Chen , Jiwen Lu

Recently, commonsense reasoning in text generation has attracted much attention. Generative commonsense reasoning is the task that requires machines, given a group of keywords, to compose a single coherent sentence with commonsense…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Yunxiang Zhang , Xiaojun Wan

Cross-view spatial reasoning is essential for embodied AI, underpinning spatial understanding, mental simulation and planning in complex environments. Existing benchmarks primarily emphasize indoor or street settings, overlooking the unique…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Haotian Xu , Yue Hu , Zhengqiu Zhu , Chen Gao , Ziyou Wang , Junreng Rao , Wenhao Lu , Weishi Li , Quanjun Yin , Yong Li