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One of the goals of Federated Learning (FL) is to collaboratively train a global model using local models from remote participants. However, the FL process is susceptible to various security challenges, including interception and tampering…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Hadi GHaravi , Jorge Granjal , Edmundo Monteiro

Most currently used cryptographic tools for protecting data are based on certain computational assumptions, which makes them vulnerable with respect to technological and algorithmic developments, such as quantum computing. One existing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-28 Aleksey K. Fedorov

Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) creates payloads that strain the timing and energy budgets of Personal Area Networks. In post-quantum key exchange (PQKE), this causes severe fragmentation, prolonged radio activity, and high transmission…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Tao Liu , Gowri Ramachandra , Raja Jurdak

This review examines how quantum computing and artificial intelligence challenge current cryptographic systems. We analyze the literature to assess the resilience of algorithms against quantum attacks (Shor's and Grover's algorithms) and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Viraaji Mothukuri , Reza M. Parizi

The rapid deployment of AI models necessitates robust, quantum-resistant security, particularly against adversarial threats. Here, we present a novel integration of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) and zero trust architecture (ZTA), formally…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-01 I. Cherkaoui , C. Clarke , J. Horgan , I. Dey

The rise of large-scale quantum computing poses a significant threat to traditional cryptographic security measures. Quantum attacks undermine current asymmetric cryptographic algorithms, rendering them ineffective. Even symmetric key…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Yaser Baseri , Vikas Chouhan , Ali Ghorbani , Aaron Chow

The prospective emergence of large-scale quantum computers capable of executing Shor's algorithm at cryptographically relevant scale would render widely deployed public-key cryptography computationally insecure. Under this threat model,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Carlos Benitez

Cloud-accessible quantum processors enable direct execution of quantum algorithms on heterogeneous hardware platforms. Unlike classical systems, however, identical quantum circuits may exhibit substantially different behavior across devices…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-12 Askar Oralkhan , Temirlan Zhaxalykov

Quantum computing has made significant progress in recent years, attracting immense interest not only in research laboratories but also in various industries. However, the application of quantum computing to solve real-world problems is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-26 Darya Martyniuk , Johannes Jung , Adrian Paschke

Quantum computing (QC) holds the promise of revolutionizing problem-solving by exploiting quantum phenomena like superposition and entanglement. It offers exponential speed-ups across various domains, from machine learning and security to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-27 Suryansh Upadhyay , Rupshali Roy , Swaroop Ghosh

Technological advancements of Blockchain and other Distributed Ledger Techniques (DLTs) promise to provide significant advantages to applications seeking transparency, redundancy, and accountability. Actual adoption of these emerging…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Nivedita Dey , Mrityunjay Ghosh , Amlan Chakrabarti

With the development of quantum computers, traditional cryptographic systems are facing more and more serious security threats. Fortunately, quantum key distribution (QKD) and post-quantum cryptography (PQC) are two cryptographic mechanisms…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-03 Liu-Jun Wang , You-Yang Zhou , Jian-Ming Yin , Qing Chen

Post-quantum cryptography is inevitable. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) starts standardizing quantum-resistant public-key cryptography (aka post-quantum cryptography). The reason is that investment in quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-02 Quan Thoi Minh Nguyen

Quantum computers pose a fundamental threat to widely deployed public-key cryptosystems, such as RSA and ECC, by enabling efficient integer factorization using Shor's algorithm. Theoretical resource estimates suggest that 2048-bit RSA keys…

Quantum Computing (QC) threatens the cryptographic foundations of Cloud Computing (CC), exposing distributed infrastructures to novel attack vectors. This survey provides comprehensive analysis of quantum-safe cloud security, examining…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yaser Baseri , Abdelhakim Hafid , Arash Habibi Lashkari

Most modern cryptographic systems, such as RSA and the Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange, rely on "trapdoor" mathematical functions that are presumed to be computationally difficult with existing tools. However, quantum computers will be able to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Alexander Meyer

In this work, the conventional cryptographic algorithms used in the 5G Core are replaced with post-quantum alternatives and the practical impact of this transition is evaluated. Using a simulation environment, we model the registration and…

Recent advancements in quantum computing have shown promising computational advantages in many problem areas. As one of those areas with increasing attention, hybrid quantum-classical machine learning systems have demonstrated the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Li Ding , Lee Spector

Shor algorithm led to the discovery of multiple vulnerabilities in a number of cryptosystems. As a result, post-quantum cryptography attempts to provide cryptographic solutions that can face these attacks, ensuring the security of sensitive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 I. Cherkaoui , S. Belabssir , J. Horgan , I. Dey

Quantum computing becomes more of a reality as time passes, bringing several cybersecurity challenges. Modern cryptography is based on the computational complexity of specific mathematical problems, but as new quantum-based computers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Javier Junquera-Sánchez , Carlos Hernando-Ramiro , Óscar Gamallo-Palomares , José-Antonio Gómez-Sánchez