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The local Cosmic Ray (CR) energy spectrum exhibits a spectral softening at energies around 3~PeV. Sources which are capable of accelerating hadrons to such energies are called hadronic PeVatrons. However, hadronic PeVatrons have not yet…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-28 The Cherenkov Telescope Array Consortium , F. Acero , A. Acharyya , R. Adam , A. Aguasca-Cabot , I. Agudo , A. Aguirre-Santaella , J. Alfaro , R. Aloisio , N. Álvarez Crespo , R. Alves Batista , L. Amati , E. Amato , G. Ambrosi , E. O. Angüner , C. Aramo , C. Arcaro , T. Armstrong , K. Asano , Y. Ascasibar , J. Aschersleben , M. Backes , A. Baktash , C. Balazs , M. Balbo , J. Ballet , A. Baquero Larriva , V. Barbosa Martins , U. Barres de Almeida , J. A. Barrio , D. Bastieri , J. R. Baxter , J. Becker Tjus , W. Benbow , M. I. Bernardos-Martín , J. Bernete , A. Berti , B. Bertucci , V. Beshley , P. Bhattacharjee , S. Bhattacharyya , A. Biland , E. Bissaldi , J. Biteau , O. Blanch , P. Bordas , E. Bottacini , J. Bregeon , R. Brose , N. Bucciantini , A. Bulgarelli , M. Capasso , R. A. Capuzzo Dolcetta , P. Caraveo , M. Cardillo , R. Carosi , S. Casanova , E. Cascone , F. Cassol , F. Catalani , M. Cerruti , P. Chadwick , S. Chaty , A. Chen , M. Chernyakova , A. Chiavassa , J. Chudoba , C. Coimbra-Araujo , V. Conforti , J. L. Contreras , A. Costa , H. Costantini , P. Cristofari , R. Crocker , G. D'Amico , F. D'Ammando , A. De Angelis , V. De Caprio , E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino , E. de Ona Wilhelmi , V. de Souza , C. Delgado , D. della Volpe , D. Depaoli , T. Di Girolamo , F. Di Pierro , R. Di Tria , L. Di Venere , S. Diebold , J. I. Djuvsland , A. Donini , M. Doro , R. d. C. Dos Anjos , V. V. Dwarkadas , S. Einecke , D. Elsässer , G. Emery , C. Evoli , D. Falceta-Goncalves , E. Fedorova , S. Fegan , G. Ferrand , E. Fiandrini , M. Filipovic , V. Fioretti , M. Fiori , L. Foffano , G. Fontaine , S. Fukami , G. Galanti , G. Galaz , V. Gammaldi , C. Gasbarra , A. Ghalumyan , G. Ghirlanda , M. Giarrusso , G. Giavitto , N. Giglietto , F. Giordano , M. Giroletti , A. Giuliani , L. Giunti , N. Godinovic , J. Goulart Coelho , L. Gréaux , D. Green , M-H. Grondin , O. Gueta , S. Gunji , T. Hassan , M. Heller , S. Hernández-Cadena , J. Hinton , B. Hnatyk , R. Hnatyk , D. Hoffmann , W. Hofmann , J. Holder , D. Horan , P. Horvath , M. Hrabovsky , D. Hrupec , T. Inada , F. Incardona , S. Inoue , K. Ishio , M. Jamrozy , P. Janecek , I. Jiménez Martínez , W. Jin , I. Jung-Richardt , J. Jurysek , P. Kaaret , V. Karas , U. Katz , D. Kerszberg , B. Khélifi , D. B. Kieda , R. Kissmann , T. Kleiner , G. Kluge , W. Kluzniak , J. Knödlseder , Y. Kobayashi , K. Kohri , N. Komin , P. Kornecki , H. Kubo , N. La Palombara , M. Láinez , A. Lamastra , J. Lapington , M. Lemoine-Goumard , J. -P. Lenain , F. Leone , G. Leto , F. Leuschner , E. Lindfors , I. Liodakis , T. Lohse , S. Lombardi , F. Longo , R. López-Coto , M. López-Moya , A. López-Oramas , S. Loporchio , P. L. Luque-Escamilla , O. Macias , J. Mackey , P. Majumdar , D. Mandat , M. Manganaro , G. Manicò , M. Marconi , J. Martí , G. Martínez , M. Martinez , O. Martinez , A. J. T. S. Mello , S. Menchiari , D. M. -A. Meyer , S. Micanovic , D. Miceli , M. Miceli , J. Michalowski , T. Miener , J. M. Miranda , A. Mitchell , B. Mode , R. Moderski , L. Mohrmann , E. Molina , T. Montaruli , D. Morcuende , G. Morlino , A. Morselli , M. Mosè , E. Moulin , R. Mukherjee , K. Munari , T. Murach , A. Nagai , S. Nagataki , R. Nemmen , J. Niemiec , D. Nieto , M. Nievas Rosillo , M. Nikolajuk , K. Nishijima , K. Noda , B. Novosyadlyj , S. Nozaki , M. Ohishi , S. Ohm , Y. Ohtani , A. Okumura , B. Olmi , R. A. Ong , M. Orienti , R. Orito , M. Orlandini , E. Orlando , S. Orlando , M. Ostrowski , I. Oya , F. R. Pantaleo , J. M. Paredes , B. Patricelli , M. Pecimotika , M. Peresano , J. Pérez-Romero , M. Persic , O. Petruk , G. Piano , E. Pietropaolo , G. Pirola , C. Pittori , M. Pohl , G. Ponti , E. Prandini , G. Principe , C. Priyadarshi , E. Pueschel , G. Pühlhofer , M. L. Pumo , A. Quirrenbach , R. Rando , S. Razzaque , P. Reichherzer , A. Reimer , O. Reimer , M. Renaud , T. Reposeur , M. Ribó , T. Richtler , J. Rico , F. Rieger , M. Rigoselli , L. Riitano , V. Rizi , E. Roache , P. Romano , G. Romeo , J. Rosado , G. Rowell , B. Rudak , I. Sadeh , S. Safi-Harb , L. Saha , S. Sailer , M. Sánchez-Conde , S. Sarkar , K. Satalecka , F. G. Saturni , A. Scherer , P. Schovánek , F. Schussler , U. Schwanke , S. Scuderi , M. Seglar-Arroyo , O. Sergijenko , M. Servillat , R-Y. Shang , P. Sharma , H. Siejkowski , V. Sliusar , A. Słowikowska , H. Sol , A. Specovius , S. T. Spencer , G. Spengler , A. Stamerra , S. Stanič , T. Starecki , R. Starling , T. Stolarczyk , L. A. Stuani Pereira , Y. Suda , T. Suomijarvi , I. Sushch , H. Tajima , P-H. T. Tam , S. J. Tanaka , F. Tavecchio , V. Testa , W. Tian , L. Tibaldo , D. F. Torres , N. Tothill , B. Vallage , P. Vallania , C. van Eldik , J. van Scherpenberg , J. Vandenbroucke , M. Vazquez Acosta , M. Vecchi , S. Vercellone , G. Verna , A. Viana , J. Vignatti , V. Vitale , V. Vodeb , S. Vorobiov , T. Vuillaume , S. J. Wagner , R. Walter , M. White , A. Wierzcholska , M. Will , D. Williams , L. Yang , T. Yoshida , T. Yoshikoshi , G. Zaharijas , L. Zampieri , D. Zavrtanik , M. Zavrtanik , V. I. Zhdanov , M. Živec

The simultaneous observation of gamma rays and neutrinos from the same astrophysical source offers a unique opportunity to probe particle acceleration and interaction mechanisms in ultra-high-energy environments. The Cherenkov Telescope…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-17 Gloria Maria Cicciari , Manuela Mallamaci , Giovanni Marsella , Alberto Rosales de León , Olga Sergijenko , Giovanna Ferrara

Recent studies by LHAASO have shown the presence of high-luminosity PeVatrons in our Galaxy. We examine two notable sources, each consisting of two pulsars, detected by LHAASO. We study gamma and cosmic-ray emissions from the surroundings…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-07-22 Rubens Jr. Costa , Débora B. Götz , Rita C. Anjos , Luiz. A. Stuani Pereira , Alexandre J. T. S. Mello

Recent observations of the gamma-ray source HAWC J2227+610 by Tibet AS+MD and LHAASO confirm the special interest of this source as a galactic PeVatron candidate in the northern hemisphere. HAWC J2227+610 emits Very High Energy (VHE)…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-10-18 G. Verna , F. Cassol , H. Costantini

The recent detection of 12 gamma-ray Galactic sources well above E > 100 TeV by the LHAASO observatory has been a breakthrough in the context of Cosmic Ray (CR) origin search. Although most of these sources are unidentified, they are often…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-05-31 Martina Cardillo , Andrea Giuliani

While Supernova Remnants (SNRs) are widely considered the primary accelerators of cosmic rays (CRs) up to hundreds of TeV, they struggle to account for the CR flux at PeV energies, suggesting the existence of additional PeVatrons.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-25 Alberto Bonollo , Paolo Esposito , Andrea Giulisni , Silvia Crestan , Giorgio Galanti , Sandro Mereghetti , Michela Rigoselli

Recently, Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) has detected several Galactic point sources of ultra high energy (UHE; $E_{\gamma}> 100$ TeV) gamma-rays. These gamma-rays are possibly created in leptonic or hadronic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-08 Prantik Sarmah , Sovan Chakraborty , Jagdish C. Joshi

One of the major scientific objectives of the future Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) Observatory is the search for PeVatrons. PeVatrons are cosmic-ray factories able to accelerate nuclei at least up to the knee feature seen in the spectrum…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-11-15 E. O. Angüner , F. Cassol , H. Costantini , C. Trichard , G. Verna

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory is a wide-field-of-view gamma-ray observatory that is optimized to detect gamma rays between ~300 GeV and several hundred TeV. The HAWC Collaboration recently released their third source…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-08-02 Kelly Malone , HAWC Collaboration

Lower limits on the energy cutoff for unidentified gamma-ray sources detected in the HESS galactic plane survey are derived. Additional public data from the VERITAS, HESS and Milagro experiments are used for MGRO J1908+06 to confirm the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-22 Gerrit Spengler

We present the first catalogs of the highest-energy (above 56 TeV and 100 TeV) gamma-ray sources seen by the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory. The wide field-of-view of HAWC naturally lends itself to unbiased all-sky surveys…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-21 Kelly Malone

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will perform a survey of the whole Galactic disk with unprecedented sensitivity at energies up to 300 TeV. One of the key science projects of the CTA consortium is the discovery of Galactic PeVatrons…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-09-19 C. Trichard

LHAASO J2108+5157 is a recently discovered source, detected in the Ultra-High-Energy band by the LHAASO collaboration. Two molecular clouds were identified in the direction coincident with LHAASO J2108+5157 and, from the spectra reported by…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-10-12 G. Pirola , J. Juryšek , M. Balbo , D. Eckert , A. Tramacere , R. Walter

The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) observed a dozen of gamma-ray sources with significant emission above 100 TeV, which may be strong candidates of PeVatrons. Neutrino observations are crucial to diagnose whether the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-06-15 Tian-Qi Huang , Zhuo Li

The Pevatron Test Statistic (PTS) is applied to data from $\gamma$-ray observatories to test for the origin of Cosmic Rays (CRs) at energies around the knee of the CR spectrum. Several sources are analyzed within hadronic emission models.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-06-09 E. O. Angüner , G. Spengler , E. Amato , S. Casanova

The term PeVatron designates astrophysical objects capable of accelerating particles to PeV energies. Their nature and particle acceleration mechanisms are uncertain, but ultra-high-energy gamma rays are produced when particles accelerated…

Recently, the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) identified 12 $\gamma$-ray sources emitting gamma rays with energies above 100 TeV, making them potential PeV cosmic-ray accelerators (PeVatrons). Neutrino observations are…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-12-22 Bo-Heng Song , Tian-Qi Huang , Kai Wang

The presence of a spectral softening, occurring at 3 PeV energies, seen in the local cosmic-ray energy spectrum provides an evidence that our Galaxy hosts astrophysical objects, known as hadronic PeVatrons, that are capable of accelerating…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-02-07 Ekrem Oğuzhan Angüner , Tülün Ergin

Galactic PeVatrons are astrophysical sources accelerating particles up to a few PeV ($\sim$10$^{15}$ eV) energies. The primary signature of 100 TeV $\gamma$ rays may come from PeV protons or multi-hundred TeV (not PeV) electrons. The search…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-31 P. Bangale , X. Wang

Galactic PeVatrons are astrophysical sources accelerating particles up to a few PeV (~10$^{15}$ eV). The primary method to identify both electron and proton PeVatrons is the observation of $\gamma$-ray radiation at ultra-high energies (UHE;…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-26 P. Bangale , X. Wang
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