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The discussion around AI-Engineering, that is, Software Engineering (SE) for AI-enabled Systems, cannot ignore a crucial class of software systems that are increasingly becoming AI-enhanced: Those used to enable or support the SE process,…

The spread of deep learning on embedded devices has prompted the development of numerous methods to optimise the deployment of deep neural networks (DNN). Works have mainly focused on: i) efficient DNN architectures, ii) network…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications, such as Large Language Models, are primarily driven and executed by Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). These GPU programs (kernels) consume substantial amounts of energy, yet software developers…

The rapid development of large language models (LLM) has greatly enhanced everyday applications. While many FPGA-based accelerators, with flexibility for fine-grained data control, exhibit superior speed and energy efficiency compared to…

The increasing adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) in cloud environments raises critical security concerns, particularly regarding model confidentiality and data privacy. Confidential computing, enabled by Trusted Execution…

Deep learning (DL) workflows demand an ever-increasing budget of compute and energy in order to achieve outsized gains. Neural architecture searches, hyperparameter sweeps, and rapid prototyping consume immense resources that can prevent…

A well-executed graphic design typically achieves harmony in two levels, from the fine-grained design elements (color, font and layout) to the overall design. This complexity makes the comprehension of graphic design challenging, for it…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a cornerstone of modern AI, driving breakthroughs in natural language processing and expanding into multimodal jobs involving images, audio, and video. As with most computational software, it is…

As large language models (LLMs) scale in size and adoption, their computational and environmental costs continue to rise. Prior benchmarking efforts have primarily focused on latency reduction in idealized settings, often overlooking the…

Optimizing GPU kernels for high performance is a complex task, often demanding deep architectural knowledge, extensive profiling, and iterative experimentation. This challenge is amplified when targeting newer or less-documented GPU…

Pharmaceutical process design and development for generic, innovative, or personalized drugs have always been a time-consuming, costly, rigorous process, that involves multi-stage evaluation for better quality control and assurance. Large…

Hardware accelerators such as GPUs are required for real-time, low-latency inference with Deep Neural Networks (DNN). However, due to the inherent limits to the parallelism they can exploit, DNNs often under-utilize the capacity of today's…

Edge computing processes data where it is generated, enabling faster decisions, lower bandwidth usage, and improved privacy. However, edge devices typically operate under strict constraints on processing power, memory, and energy…

GPUs are used for training, inference, and tuning the machine learning models. However, Deep Neural Network (DNN) vary widely in their ability to exploit the full power of high-performance GPUs. Spatial sharing of GPU enables multiplexing…

We devise a performance model for GPU training of Deep Learning Recommendation Models (DLRM), whose GPU utilization is low compared to other well-optimized CV and NLP models. We show that both the device active time (the sum of kernel…

As inference workloads for large language models (LLMs) scale to meet growing user demand, pipeline parallelism (PP) has become a widely adopted strategy for multi-GPU deployment, particularly in cross-node setups, to improve key-value (KV)…

Deep Learning (DL) has developed to become a corner-stone in many everyday applications that we are now relying on. However, making sure that the DL model uses the underlying hardware efficiently takes a lot of effort. Knowledge about…

Most deep neural networks deployed today are trained using GPUs via high-level frameworks such as TensorFlow and PyTorch. This paper describes changes we made to the GPGPU-Sim simulator to enable it to run PyTorch by running PTX kernels…

Large Language Model (LLM) inference requires substantial computational resources, yet CPU-based inference remains essential for democratizing AI due to the widespread availability of CPUs compared to specialized accelerators. However,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become essential in a variety of applications due to their advanced language understanding and generation capabilities. However, their computational and memory requirements pose significant challenges to…