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The International X-ray Observatory (IXO), a joint NASA-ESA-JAXA effort, will address fundamental and timely questions in astrophysics: What happens close to a black hole? How did supermassive black holes grow? How does large scale…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2010-01-15 Jay Bookbinder

Event Horizon, a null hypersurface defining the boundary of the black hole region of a spacetime, is not particularly useful for evolving black holes since it is non-local in time. Instead, one uses the more tangible concept of Apparent…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-02-23 Emel Altas , Bayram Tekin

The capability of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) to image the nearest supermassive black hole candidates at horizon-scale resolutions offers a novel means to study gravity in its strongest regimes and to test different models for these…

This paper briefly reviews past, current, and future efforts to image black holes in the radio regime. Black holes seem like mystical objects, but they are an integral part of current astrophysics and are at the center of attempts to unify…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-01-12 Heino Falcke

We describe the possible forms of black hole images, viewed by a distant observer. These images are numerically calculated basing on general relativity and equations of motion in the Kerr-Newman metric. Black hole image is a gravitationally…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-08-27 Vyacheslav Ivanovich Dokuchaev

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is a project to assemble a Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) network of mm wavelength dishes that can resolve strong field General Relativistic signatures near a supermassive black hole. As planned,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 Ru-Sen Lu , Avery E. Broderick , Fabien Baron , John D. Monnier , Vincent L. Fish , Sheperd S. Doeleman , Victor Pankratius

Black holes are unique among astrophysical sources: they are the simplest macroscopic objects in the Universe, and they are extraordinary in terms of their ability to convert energy into electromagnetic and gravitational radiation. Our…

Tracing the formation and evolution of all supermassive black holes, including the obscured ones, understanding how black holes influence their surroundings and how matter behaves under extreme conditions, are recognized as key science…

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) delivered the first image of a black hole by capturing the light from its surrounding accretion flow, revealing structure but not dynamics. Simulations of black hole accretion dynamics are essential for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Renbo Tu , Ali SaraerToosi , Nicholas S. Conroy , Gennady Pekhimenko , Aviad Levis

This paper utilizes the {\it Black Hole Vision} smartphone application to catalyze a pedagogical shift in General Relativity education through the quantitative analysis of simulated black hole imaging. Presented here for the Schwarzschild…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-22 Lior M. Burko

How the supermassive black hole SgrA* in the Milky Way Center looks like for a distant observer? It depends on the black hole highlighting by the surrounding hot matter. The black hole shadow (the photon capture cross-section) would be…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-05-14 Vyacheslav Dokuchaev

The concept of a new space very long baseline interferometry system named the Event Horizon Imager (EHI) has been proposed to dramatically improve black hole imaging and provide precise tests of the theory of general relativity. We…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-04 Anastasia Shlentsova , Freek Roelofs , Sara Issaoun , Jordy Davelaar , Heino Falcke

In general relativity, isolated black holes are invisible due to an infinitely large redshift of photons propagating from the event horizon to the remote observer. However, the dark shadow (silhouette) of a black hole can be visible on the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-08-31 Vyacheslav I. Dokuchaev , Natalia O. Nazarova

Two quasi local approaches to black holes are combined: Near Horizon Geometries (NHG) and stationary Black Hole Holographs (BHH). Necessary and sufficient conditions on BHH data for the emergence of NHGs as resulting vacuum solutions to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-08-09 J. Lewandowski , I. Racz , A. Szereszewski

Black holes hold a tremendous discovery potential. In this paper the extent to which the Event Horizon Telescope and its next generation upgrade can resolve their structure is quantified. Black holes are characterized by a perfectly…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-16 Raúl Carballo-Rubio , Vitor Cardoso , Ziri Younsi

General Relativity predicts that the emission close to a black hole must be lensed by its strong gravitational field, illuminating the last photon orbit. This results in a dark circular area known as the black hole 'shadow'. The Event…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-09-02 Leonid Benkevitch , Kazunori Akiyama , Rusen Lu , Shepherd Doeleman , Vincent Fish

Our understanding of space and time is probed to its depths by black holes. These objects, which appear as a natural consequence of general relativity, provide a powerful analytical tool able to examine macroscopic and microscopic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Jean-Pierre Luminet

The unique challenges associated with imaging a black hole motivated the development of new computational imaging algorithms. As the Event Horizon Telescope continues to expand, these algorithms will need to evolve to keep pace with the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-18 Kazunori Akiyama , Andrew Chael , Dominic W. Pesce

The black hole paradigm, while remarkably successful, raises fundamental questions-both classical and quantum-about the nature of spacetime, horizons, and singularities. Black hole mimickers, horizonless ultra-compact objects, have emerged…

Many black hole (BH) candidates exist, ranging from supermassive ($\sim10^{6}$--$10^{10}$ M$_{\odot}$) to stellar masses ($\sim 1$--$100$ M$_{\odot}$), all of them identified by indirect processes. Although there are no known candidate BHs…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-06-09 J. L. G. Sobrinho , P. Augusto