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Temporal synthesis is the automated design of a system that interacts with an environment, using the declarative specification of the system's behavior. A popular language for providing such a specification is Linear Temporal Logic, or LTL.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Shufang Zhu , Lucas M. Tabajara , Jianwen Li , Geguang Pu , Moshe Y. Vardi

Large Language Models (LLMs) deliver exceptional performance across natural language tasks but demand substantial computational resources, limiting their deployment on resource-constrained edge devices. Existing compression techniques, such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Khurram Khalil , Khaza Anuarul Hoque

This paper proposes a specification-guided framework for control of nonlinear systems with linear temporal logic (LTL) specifications. In contrast with well-known abstraction-based methods, the proposed framework directly characterizes the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-03 Yinan Li , Zhibing Sun , Jun Liu

Empirical evaluation of state-of-the-art natural-language (NL) to temporal-logic (TL) translation systems reveals near-perfect performance on existing benchmarks. However, current studies measure only the accuracy of the translation of NL…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-19 William H English , Chase Walker , Dominic Simon , Sumit Kumar Jha , Rickard Ewetz

In runtime verification, manually formalizing a specification for monitoring system executions is a tedious and error-prone process. To address this issue, we consider the problem of automatically synthesizing formal specifications from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Ritam Raha , Rajarshi Roy , Nathanael Fijalkow , Daniel Neider , Guillermo A. Perez

Natural language (NL) to temporal logic (TL) translation enables engineers to specify, verify, and enforce system behaviors without manually crafting formal specifications-an essential capability for building trustworthy autonomous systems.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 William English , Chase Walker , Dominic Simon , Rickard Ewetz

This paper focuses on planning robot navigation tasks from natural language specifications. We develop a modular approach, where a large language model (LLM) translates the natural language instructions into a linear temporal logic (LTL)…

Requirements over strings, commonly represented using natural language (NL), are particularly relevant for software systems due to their heavy reliance on string data manipulation. While individual requirements can usually be analyzed…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Boqi Chen , Aren A. Babikian , Shuzhao Feng , Dániel Varró , Gunter Mussbacher

Temporal Equilibrium Logic (TEL) is a promising framework that extends the knowledge representation and reasoning capabilities of Answer Set Programming with temporal operators in the style of LTL. To our knowledge it is the first…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-03-03 Laura Bozzelli , David Pearce

Mission-time Linear Temporal Logic (MLTL), a widely used subset of popular specification logics like STL and MTL, is often used to model and verify real world systems in safety-critical contexts. As the results of formal verification are…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Zili Wang , Katherine Kosaian , Kristin Yvonne Rozier

Safety verification for autonomous vehicles (AVs) and ground robots is crucial for ensuring reliable operation given their uncertain environments. Formal language tools provide a robust and sound method to verify safety rules for such…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Aditya Parameshwaran , Yue Wang

Despite the impressive adaptability of large language models (LLMs), challenges remain in ensuring their security, transparency, and interpretability. Given their susceptibility to adversarial attacks, LLMs need to be defended with an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Tomas Bueno Momcilovic , Beat Buesser , Giulio Zizzo , Mark Purcell , Dian Balta

Software correctness is ensured mathematically through formal verification, which involves the resources of generating formal requirement specifications and having an implementation that must be verified. Tools such as model-checkers and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Arshad Beg , Diarmuid O'Donoghue , Rosemary Monahan

Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) is a widely used specification framework for linear time properties of systems. The standard approach for verifying such properties is by transforming LTL formulae to suitable $\omega$-automata and then applying…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-10-19 Martin Sulzmann , Peter Thiemann

Many complex scenarios require the coordination of agents possessing unique points of view and distinct semantic commitments. In response, standpoint logic (SL) was introduced in the context of knowledge integration, allowing one to reason…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Nicola Gigante , Lucia {Gomez Alvarez} , Tim S. Lyon

Formal specifications, such as pre- and post-conditions provide a solid basis for performing thorough program verification. However, developers rarely provide such formal specifications, hence if AI could help in constructing them, it would…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-19 I. S. W. B. Prasetya , Fitsum Kifetew , Davide Prandi

We present the Temporal Logic Synthesis Format (TLSF), a high-level format to describe synthesis problems via Linear Temporal Logic (LTL). The format builds upon standard LTL, but additionally allows to use high-level constructs, such as…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-11-24 Swen Jacobs , Felix Klein , Sebastian Schirmer

Large Language Models (LLMs) become the start-of-the-art solutions for a variety of natural language tasks and are integrated into real-world applications. However, LLMs can be potentially harmful in manifesting undesirable safety issues…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Zhuoer Xu , Jianping Zhang , Shiwen Cui , Changhua Meng , Weiqiang Wang

We study the expressivity and complexity of model checking linear temporal logic with team semantics (TeamLTL). TeamLTL, despite being a purely modal logic, is capable of defining hyperproperties, i.e., properties which relate multiple…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Jonni Virtema , Jana Hofmann , Bernd Finkbeiner , Juha Kontinen , Fan Yang

To enable non-experts to specify long-horizon, multi-robot collaborative tasks, language models are increasingly used to translate natural language commands into formal specifications. However, because translation can occur in multiple…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Shaojun Xu , Xusheng Luo , Yutong Huang , Letian Leng , Ruixuan Liu , Changliu Liu