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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a paradigm that augments large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge to tackle knowledge-intensive question answering. While several benchmarks evaluate Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) under…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Yin Wu , Quanyu Long , Jing Li , Jianfei Yu , Wenya Wang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have revolutionized information retrieval and question answering, but traditional text-based chunking methods struggle with complex document structures, multi-page tables, embedded figures, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Vishesh Tripathi , Tanmay Odapally , Indraneel Das , Uday Allu , Biddwan Ahmed

Large multimodal models (LMMs) are increasingly integrated into autonomous driving systems for user interaction. However, their limitations in fine-grained spatial reasoning pose challenges for system interpretability and user trust. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Imran Kabir , Md Alimoor Reza , Syed Billah

Vision-language retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become an effective approach for tackling Knowledge-Based Visual Question Answering (KB-VQA), which requires external knowledge beyond the visual content presented in images. The…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Wei Yang , Jingjing Fu , Rui Wang , Jinyu Wang , Lei Song , Jiang Bian

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has recently demonstrated the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the knowledge-intensive tasks such as Question-Answering (QA). RAG expands the query context by incorporating external…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Zijian Hei , Weiling Liu , Wenjie Ou , Juyi Qiao , Junming Jiao , Guowen Song , Ting Tian , Yi Lin

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) effectively addresses issues of static knowledge and hallucination in large language models. Existing studies mostly focus on question scenarios with clear user intents and concise answers. However, it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Shuting Wang , Xin Yu , Mang Wang , Weipeng Chen , Yutao Zhu , Zhicheng Dou

With the rapid advancement of tool-use capabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs), Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is shifting from static, one-shot retrieval toward autonomous, multi-turn evidence acquisition. However, existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Zhanli Li , Huiwen Tian , Lvzhou Luo , Yixuan Cao , Ping Luo

Multi-hop question answering (QA) necessitates multi-step reasoning and retrieval across interconnected subjects, attributes, and relations. Existing retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) methods struggle to capture these structural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Jimeng Shi , Wei Hu , Runchu Tian , Bowen Jin , Wonbin Kweon , SeongKu Kang , Yunfan Kang , Dingqi Ye , Sizhe Zhou , Shaowen Wang , Jiawei Han

Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as an effective paradigm for enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs) with external knowledge. However, existing multimodal RAG systems predominantly rely on coarse-grained…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yifan Zhu , Yu Mi , Yue Lu , Yanchu Guan , Zhixuan Chu

Retrieving visual and textual information from medical literature and hospital records can enhance diagnostic accuracy for clinical image interpretation. However, multimodal retrieval-augmented diagnosis is highly challenging. We explore a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Nir Mazor , Tom Hope

The performance of language models is commonly limited by insufficient knowledge and constrained reasoning. Prior approaches such as Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and Chain-of-Thought (CoT) address these issues by incorporating…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Xinyi Duan , Yuanrong Tang , Jiangtao Gong

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have made remarkable strides in multimodal tasks such as visual question answering, visual grounding, and complex reasoning. However, they remain limited by static training data, susceptibility to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Chan-Wei Hu , Yueqi Wang , Shuo Xing , Chia-Ju Chen , Suofei Feng , Ryan Rossi , Zhengzhong Tu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has been used in question answering (QA) systems to improve performance when relevant information is in one (single-hop) or multiple (multi-hop) passages. However, many real life scenarios (e.g. dealing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Mykolas Sveistrys , Richard Kunert

Long-Context Question Answering (LCQA), a challenging task, aims to reason over long-context documents to yield accurate answers to questions. Existing long-context Large Language Models (LLMs) for LCQA often struggle with the "lost in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Qingfei Zhao , Ruobing Wang , Yukuo Cen , Daren Zha , Shicheng Tan , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have made remarkable achievements in various domains. However, the untimeliness and cost of knowledge updates coupled with hallucination issues of LLMs have curtailed their applications in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Chunjing Gan , Dan Yang , Binbin Hu , Hanxiao Zhang , Siyuan Li , Ziqi Liu , Yue Shen , Lin Ju , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jinjie Gu , Lei Liang , Jun Zhou

Multi-document Multi-entity Question Answering inherently demands models to track implicit logic between multiple entities across scattered documents. However, existing Large Language Models (LLMs) and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Teng Lin , Yizhang Zhu , Zhengxuan Zhang , Yuyu Luo , Nan Tang

Real-world live retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems face significant challenges when processing user queries that are often noisy, ambiguous, and contain multiple intents. While RAG enhances large language models (LLMs) with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Guanting Dong , Xiaoxi Li , Yuyao Zhang , Mengjie Deng

The question-answering system for Life science research, which is characterized by the rapid pace of discovery, evolving insights, and complex interactions among knowledge entities, presents unique challenges in maintaining a comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Chengrui Wang , Qingqing Long , Meng Xiao , Xunxin Cai , Chengjun Wu , Zhen Meng , Xuezhi Wang , Yuanchun Zhou

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates hallucinations in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), yet existing systems struggle with complex cross-modal reasoning. Flat vector retrieval often ignores structural dependencies, while…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Sijun Dai , Qiang Huang , Xiaoxing You , Jun Yu

Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has shown great potential for improving multi-level reasoning and structured evidence aggregation. However, existing graph-based RAG frameworks heavily rely on exploiting large language…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xiao Yue , Guangzhi Qu , Lige Gan