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Efficient sampling from high-dimensional and multimodal unnormalized probability distributions is a central challenge in many areas of science and machine learning. We focus on Boltzmann generators (BGs) that aim to sample the Boltzmann…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Christopher von Klitzing , Denis Blessing , Henrik Schopmans , Pascal Friederich , Gerhard Neumann

Drifting Models [Deng et al., 2026] train a one-step generator by evolving samples under a kernel-based drift field, avoiding ODE integration at inference. The original analysis leaves two questions open. The drift-field iteration admits a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Arkadii Kazanskii , Tatiana Petrova , Konstantin Bagrianskii , Aleksandr Puzikov , Radu State

Diffusion and flow models achieve high generative quality but remain computationally expensive due to slow multi-step sampling. Distillation methods accelerate them by training fast student generators, yet most existing objectives lack a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yuanzhi Zhu , Eleftherios Tsonis , Lucas Degeorge , Vicky Kalogeiton

The use of generative models to sample equilibrium distributions of many-body systems, as first demonstrated by Boltzmann Generators, has attracted substantial interest due to their ability to produce unbiased and uncorrelated samples in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-10-23 Maximilian Schebek , Frank Noé , Jutta Rogal

Sampling configurations at thermodynamic equilibrium is a central challenge in statistical physics. Boltzmann Generators (BGs) tackle it by combining a generative model with a Monte Carlo (MC) correction step to obtain asymptotically…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-30 Louis Grenioux , Maxence Noble

In recent years, diffusion models trained on equilibrium molecular distributions have proven effective for sampling biomolecules. Beyond direct sampling, the score of such a model can also be used to derive the forces that act on molecular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Michael Plainer , Hao Wu , Leon Klein , Stephan Günnemann , Frank Noé

Scalable sampling of molecular states in thermodynamic equilibrium is a long-standing challenge in statistical physics. Boltzmann generators tackle this problem by pairing normalizing flows with importance sampling to obtain uncorrelated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Charlie B. Tan , Avishek Joey Bose , Chen Lin , Leon Klein , Michael M. Bronstein , Alexander Tong

Sampling from diffusion models involves a slow iterative process that hinders their practical deployment, especially for interactive applications. To accelerate generation speed, recent approaches distill a multi-step diffusion model into a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Yilun Xu , Weili Nie , Arash Vahdat

Molecules are frequently represented as graphs, but the underlying 3D molecular geometry (the locations of the atoms) ultimately determines most molecular properties. However, most molecules are not static and at room temperature adopt a…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-06-14 Kirk Swanson , Jake Williams , Eric Jonas

Diffusion models and flow-based methods have shown impressive generative capability, especially for images, but their sampling is expensive because it requires many iterative updates. We introduce W-Flow, a framework for training a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jiaqi Han , Puheng Li , Qiushan Guo , Renyuan Xu , Stefano Ermon , Emmanuel J. Candès

Efficient sampling of the Boltzmann distribution of molecular systems is a long-standing challenge. Recently, instead of generating long molecular dynamics simulations, generative machine learning methods such as normalizing flows have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Henrik Schopmans , Pascal Friederich

Generative Modeling via Drifting has recently achieved state-of-the-art one-step image generation through a kernel-based drift operator, yet the success is largely empirical and its theoretical foundations remain poorly understood. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Erkan Turan , Maks Ovsjanikov

Sampling equilibrium distributions is fundamental to statistical mechanics. While flow matching has emerged as scalable state-of-the-art paradigm for generative modeling, its potential for equilibrium sampling in condensed-phase systems…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Emil Hoffmann , Maximilian Schebek , Leon Klein , Frank Noé , Jutta Rogal

A multi-relaxation-time discrete Boltzmann model (DBM) with split collision is proposed for both subsonic and supersonic compressible reacting flows, where chemical reactions take place among various components. The physical model is based…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-04-23 Chuandong Lin , Kai H. Luo , Huilin Lai

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is a widely used technique to simulate molecular systems, most commonly at the all-atom resolution where equations of motion are integrated with timesteps on the order of femtoseconds…

Simulating atomic-scale processes, such as protein dynamics and catalytic reactions, is crucial for advancements in biology, chemistry, and materials science. Machine learning force fields (MLFFs) have emerged as powerful tools that achieve…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-12-30 Lars L. Schaaf , Ilyes Batatia , Christoph Brunken , Thomas D. Barrett , Jules Tilly

Property-conditional molecular generation should produce valid, diverse molecules while responding to continuous target values at low sampling cost. We introduce DriftingMol, a two-stage framework that adapts drifting models to a SELFIES…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jiangjie Qiu , Yijun Li , Wentao Li , Xiaonan Wang

Molecular graph generation (MGG) is essentially a multi-class generative task, aimed at predicting categories of atoms and bonds under strict chemical and structural constraints. However, many prevailing diffusion paradigms learn to regress…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yida Xiong , Jiameng Chen , Kun Li , Hongzhi Zhang , Xiantao Cai , Jia Wu , Wenbin Hu

Exploring the free-energy landscape along reaction coordinates or system parameters $\lambda$ is central to many studies of high-dimensional model systems in physics, e.g. large molecules or spin glasses. In simulations this usually…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-09-05 Viveca Lindahl , Jack Lidmar , Berk Hess

Molecular structure generation is a fundamental problem that involves determining the 3D positions of molecules' constituents. It has crucial biological applications, such as molecular docking, protein folding, and molecular design. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Wenyin Zhou , Christopher Iliffe Sprague , Vsevolod Viliuga , Matteo Tadiello , Arne Elofsson , Hossein Azizpour