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Self-training is a standard approach to semi-supervised learning where the learner's own predictions on unlabeled data are used as supervision during training. In this paper, we reinterpret this label assignment process as an optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Kai Sheng Tai , Peter Bailis , Gregory Valiant

Performance of a pre-trained semantic segmentation model is likely to substantially decrease on data from a new domain. We show a pre-trained model can be adapted to unlabelled target domain data by calculating soft-label prototypes under…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Ondrej Bohdal , Da Li , Timothy Hospedales

Self-training, a semi-supervised learning algorithm, leverages a large amount of unlabeled data to improve learning when the labeled data are limited. Despite empirical successes, its theoretical characterization remains elusive. To the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Shuai Zhang , Meng Wang , Sijia Liu , Pin-Yu Chen , Jinjun Xiong

Data labeling in supervised learning is considered an expensive and infeasible tool in some conditions. The self-supervised learning method is proposed to tackle the learning effectiveness with fewer labeled data, however, there is a lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Hilal AlQuabeh , Ameera Bawazeer , Abdulateef Alhashmi

Reward models (RM) capture the values and preferences of humans and play a central role in Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF) to align pretrained large language models (LLMs). Traditionally, training these models relies on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Yifei He , Haoxiang Wang , Ziyan Jiang , Alexandros Papangelis , Han Zhao

Recent success of large-scale pre-trained language models crucially hinge on fine-tuning them on large amounts of labeled data for the downstream task, that are typically expensive to acquire. In this work, we study self-training as one of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Subhabrata Mukherjee , Ahmed Hassan Awadallah

Weakly supervised learning aims to reduce the cost of labeling data by using expert-designed labeling rules. However, existing methods require experts to design effective rules in a single shot, which is difficult in the absence of proper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Giannis Karamanolakis , Daniel Hsu , Luis Gravano

Recently, Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) has shown much promise in leveraging unlabeled data while being provided with very few labels. In this paper, we show that ignoring the labels altogether for whole epochs intermittently during…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Boaz Lerner , Guy Shiran , Daphna Weinshall

Adversarial robustness is a research area that has recently received a lot of attention in the quest for trustworthy artificial intelligence. However, recent works on adversarial robustness have focused on supervised learning where it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Dongyoon Yang , Insung Kong , Yongdai Kim

We introduce and analyse active learning markets as a way to purchase labels, in situations where analysts aim to acquire additional data to improve model fitting, or to better train models for predictive analytics applications. This comes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Xiwen Huang , Pierre Pinson

This paper presents privileged multi-label learning (PrML) to explore and exploit the relationship between labels in multi-label learning problems. We suggest that for each individual label, it cannot only be implicitly connected with other…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-01-26 Shan You , Chang Xu , Yunhe Wang , Chao Xu , Dacheng Tao

Self-training often falls short under distribution shifts due to an increased discrepancy between prediction confidence and actual accuracy. This typically necessitates computationally demanding methods such as neighborhood or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Taejong Joo , Diego Klabjan

Acquiring and training on large-scale labeled data can be impractical due to cost constraints. Additionally, the use of small training datasets can result in considerable variability in model outcomes, overfitting, and learning of spurious…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Jiashu Tao , Reza Shokri

In this work, we focus on the task of weakly supervised affordance grounding, where a model is trained to identify affordance regions on objects using human-object interaction images and egocentric object images without dense labels.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Peiran Xu , Yadong Mu

Label-efficient time series representation learning, which aims to learn effective representations with limited labeled data, is crucial for deploying deep learning models in real-world applications. To address the scarcity of labeled time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Emadeldeen Eldele , Mohamed Ragab , Zhenghua Chen , Min Wu , Chee-Keong Kwoh , Xiaoli Li

Metric learning is an important problem in machine learning. It aims to group similar examples together. Existing state-of-the-art metric learning approaches require class labels to learn a metric. As obtaining class labels in all…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Ujjal Kr Dutta , Mehrtash Harandi , Chellu Chandra Sekhar

State-of-the-art deep neural networks require large-scale labeled training data that is often expensive to obtain or not available for many tasks. Weak supervision in the form of domain-specific rules has been shown to be useful in such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Giannis Karamanolakis , Subhabrata Mukherjee , Guoqing Zheng , Ahmed Hassan Awadallah

Recent studies indicate that deep neural networks degrade in generalization performance under noisy supervision. Existing methods focus on isolating clean subsets or correcting noisy labels, facing limitations such as high computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Kuan Zhang , Chengliang Chai , Jingzhe Xu , Chi Zhang , Han Han , Ye Yuan , Guoren Wang , Lei Cao

Self-supervision provides effective representations for downstream tasks without requiring labels. However, existing approaches lag behind fully supervised training and are often not thought beneficial beyond obviating or reducing the need…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-30 Dan Hendrycks , Mantas Mazeika , Saurav Kadavath , Dawn Song

Given the difficulty of manually annotating motion in video, the current best motion estimation methods are trained with synthetic data, and therefore struggle somewhat due to a train/test gap. Self-supervised methods hold the promise of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Xinglong Sun , Adam W. Harley , Leonidas J. Guibas