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Quantum error correction is needed for quantum computers to be capable of fault-tolerantly executing algorithms using hundreds of logical qubits. Recent experiments have demonstrated subthreshold error rates for state preservation of a…

Transversal gates are the ideal gates in a fault-tolerant scenario; relatively easy to implement, and minimally error propagating. Their availability will maximise fault tolerant thresholds, enabling universal quantum computation in a wider…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Heather Leitch , Alastair Kay

Quantum low-density parity-check codes are a promising approach to fault-tolerant quantum computation, offering potential advantages in rate and decoding efficiency. In this work, we introduce quantum Margulis codes, a new class of QLDPC…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Michele Pacenti , Dimitris Chytas , Bane Vasic

The promise of quantum computers hinges on the ability to scale to large system sizes, e.g., to run quantum computations consisting of more than 100 million operations fault-tolerantly. This in turn requires suppressing errors to levels…

Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation (FTQC) permits parallel execution of mutually commuting Pauli Product Rotations (PPRs), but per-qubit access point/port limits (e.g. two X and two Z edges on the surface code) force commuting groups that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-25 Sayam Sethi , Devika Nambisan , Jonathan Mark Baker

The ultimate goal of quantum error correction is to create logical qubits with very low error rates (e.g. 1e-12) and assemble them into large-scale quantum computers capable of performing many (e.g. billions) of logical gates on many (e.g.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-20 Michael E. Beverland , Malcolm Carroll , Andrew W. Cross , Theodore J. Yoder

We propose a fault-tolerant quantum computer architecture for trapped-ion devices, which we call the walking cat architecture. Our blueprint includes a compiler, a detailed description of all the quantum error-correction protocols, a…

Distributed architectures are a route to scalable quantum computing, but the performance of fault-tolerant operations across noisy inter-module links remains poorly characterized. We present circuit-level simulations of two key distributed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 John Stack , Ming Wang , Frank Mueller

Standard approaches to quantum error correction for fault-tolerant quantum computing are based on encoding a single logical qubit into many physical ones, resulting in asymptotically zero encoding rates and therefore huge resource…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-06 Hayato Goto

Quantum computers are expected to bring drastic acceleration to several computing tasks against classical computers. Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, which have tens to hundreds of noisy physical qubits, are gradually…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-28 Yutaro Akahoshi , Kazunori Maruyama , Hirotaka Oshima , Shintaro Sato , Keisuke Fujii

We propose and analyze a hierarchical quantum error correction (QEC) scheme that concatenates hypergraph product (HGP) codes with rotated surface codes, which is compatible with quantum computers with only nearest-neighbor interactions. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-26 Junichi Haruna , Keisuke Fujii

Quantum Error Correction (QEC) codes store information reliably in logical qubits by encoding them in a larger number of less reliable qubits. The surface code, known for its high resilience to physical errors, is a leading candidate for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-13 Satvik Maurya , Swamit Tannu

Generalized code surgery is a versatile and low-overhead technique for performing fault-tolerant computation on quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes. In many settings, surgery exhibits practical space overheads, while its time…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Kathleen Chang , Zhiyang He , Theodore J. Yoder , Guanyu Zhu , Tomas Jochym-O'Connor

The realization of quantum error correction protocols whose logical error rates are suppressed far below physical error rates relies on an intricate combination: the error-correcting code's efficiency, the syndrome extraction circuit's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Andrey Boris Khesin , Jonathan Z. Lu

Quantum error correction suppresses noise in quantum systems to allow for high-precision computations. In this work, we introduce Multivariate Bicycle (MB) Quantum Low-Density Parity-Check (QLDPC) codes, via an extension of the framework…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-21 Lukas Voss , Sim Jian Xian , Tobias Haug , Kishor Bharti

We use the recently introduced lifted product to construct a family of Quantum Low Density Parity Check Codes (QLDPC codes). The codes we obtain can be viewed as stacks of surface codes that are interconnected, leading to the name…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-30 Josias Old , Manuel Rispler , Markus Müller

Hypergraph product codes are a class of quantum low density parity check (LDPC) codes discovered by Tillich and Z\'emor. These codes have a constant encoding rate and were recently shown to have a constant fault-tolerant error threshold.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-10 Anirudh Krishna , David Poulin

Quantum low-density parity-check codes are promising candidates towards scalable fault-tolerant quantum computation. Among these, bivariate bicycle (BB) codes offer superior encoding rates and large code distance compared to surface codes.…

The surface code is a quantum error-correcting code for one logical qubit, protected by spatially localized parity checks in two dimensions. Due to fundamental constraints from spatial locality, storing more logical qubits requires either…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-15 Yifan Hong , Matteo Marinelli , Adam M. Kaufman , Andrew Lucas

We present Safe Surgery by Identifying Pushouts (SSIP), an open-source lightweight Python package for automating surgery between qubit CSS codes. SSIP is flexible: it is capable of performing both external surgery, that is surgery between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-15 Alexander Cowtan