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We introduce AudioPaLM, a large language model for speech understanding and generation. AudioPaLM fuses text-based and speech-based language models, PaLM-2 [Anil et al., 2023] and AudioLM [Borsos et al., 2022], into a unified multimodal…

Speech data has rich acoustic and paralinguistic information with important cues for understanding a speaker's tone, emotion, and intent, yet traditional large language models such as BERT do not incorporate this information. There has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Fatema Hasan , Yulong Li , James Foulds , Shimei Pan , Bishwaranjan Bhattacharjee

Discrete Diffusion Language Models progressed rapidly as an alternative to autoregressive (AR) models, motivated by their parallel generation abilities. However, for tractability, discrete diffusion models sample from a factorized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Justin Deschenaux , Caglar Gulcehre

Autoregressive (AR) models with diffusion heads have recently achieved strong text-to-audio performance, yet their iterative decoding and multi-step sampling process introduce high-latency issues. To address this bottleneck, we propose a…

This paper introduces a discrete diffusion model (DDM) framework for text-aligned speech tokenization and reconstruction. By replacing the auto-regressive speech decoder with a discrete diffusion counterpart, our model achieves…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-25 Pin-Jui Ku , He Huang , Jean-Marie Lemercier , Subham Sekhar Sahoo , Zhehuai Chen , Ante Jukić

Deploying modern Speech Language Models (SpeechLMs) in streaming settings requires systems that provide low latency, high throughput, and strong guarantees of streamability. Existing systems fall short of supporting diverse models flexibly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Keisuke Kamahori , Wei-Tzu Lee , Atindra Jha , Rohan Kadekodi , Stephanie Wang , Arvind Krishnamurthy , Baris Kasikci

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) have emerged as powerful tools for speech-related tasks but remain underexplored for fine-tuning, especially with limited speech data. To bridge this gap, we systematically examine how different…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Youngwon Choi , Jaeyoon Jung , Hyeonyu Kim , Huu-Kim Nguyen , Hwayeon Kim

Score Distillation Sampling (SDS) enables high-quality text-to-3D generation by supervising 3D models through the denoising of multi-view 2D renderings, using a pretrained text-to-image diffusion model to align with the input prompt and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Weimin Bai , Yubo Li , Weijian Luo , Wenzheng Chen , He Sun

Wav2Prompt is proposed which allows straightforward integration between spoken input and a text-based large language model (LLM). Wav2Prompt uses a simple training process with only the same data used to train an automatic speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-05 Keqi Deng , Guangzhi Sun , Philip C. Woodland

Current speech language models exceed the size and latency constraints of many deployment environments. We build compact, expressive speech generation models through layer-aligned distillation, matching hidden states, attention maps, and…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Mohammadmahdi Nouriborji , Morteza Rohanian

Spoken language models (SLMs) typically discretize speech into high-frame-rate tokens extracted from SSL speech models. As the most successful LMs are based on the Transformer architecture, processing these long token streams with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Nicholas Lee , Cheol Jun Cho , Alan W Black , Gopala K. Anumanchipalli

We introduce AudioLM, a framework for high-quality audio generation with long-term consistency. AudioLM maps the input audio to a sequence of discrete tokens and casts audio generation as a language modeling task in this representation…

In spoken dialogue, even if two current turns are the same sentence, their responses might still differ when they are spoken in different styles. The spoken styles, containing paralinguistic and prosodic information, mark the most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Guan-Ting Lin , Cheng-Han Chiang , Hung-yi Lee

Multimodal generative models require a unified approach to handle both discrete data (e.g., text and code) and continuous data (e.g., image, audio, video). In this work, we propose Latent Language Modeling (LatentLM), which seamlessly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Yutao Sun , Hangbo Bao , Wenhui Wang , Zhiliang Peng , Li Dong , Shaohan Huang , Jianyong Wang , Furu Wei

Autoregressive models have driven remarkable progress in language modeling. Their foundational reliance on discrete tokens, unidirectional context, and single-pass decoding, while central to their success, also inspires the exploration of a…

Wav2vec 2.0 (W2V2) has shown impressive performance in automatic speech recognition (ASR). However, the large model size and the non-streaming architecture make it hard to be used under low-resource or streaming scenarios. In this work, we…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-17 Yanzhe Fu , Yueteng Kang , Songjun Cao , Long Ma

Despite imperfect score-matching causing drift in training and sampling distributions of diffusion models, recent advances in diffusion-based acoustic models have revolutionized data-sufficient single-speaker Text-to-Speech (TTS)…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-01 Heyang Xue , Shuai Guo , Pengcheng Zhu , Mengxiao Bi

We present a novel approach to multilingual audio-visual speech recognition tasks by introducing a single model on a multilingual dataset. Motivated by a human cognitive system where humans can intuitively distinguish different languages…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Joanna Hong , Se Jin Park , Yong Man Ro

Digital watermarking is essential for securing generated images from diffusion models. Accurate watermark evaluation is critical for algorithm development, yet existing methods have significant limitations: they lack a unified framework for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Zijin Yang , Yu Sun , Kejiang Chen , Jiawei Zhao , Jun Jiang , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Speech Language Models (SLMs) aim to learn language from raw audio, without textual resources. Despite significant advances, our current models exhibit weak syntax and semantic abilities. However, if the scaling properties of neural…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-13 Santiago Cuervo , Ricard Marxer
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