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Digital twins of urban environments play a critical role in advancing autonomous vehicle (AV) research by enabling simulation, validation, and integration with emerging generative world models. While existing tools have demonstrated value,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Alex Richardson , Jonathan Sprinkle

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have recently emerged as a promising paradigm in autonomous driving (AD). However, current performance evaluation protocols for VLM-based AD systems (ADVLMs) are predominantly confined to open-loop settings…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Tianyuan Zhang , Ting Jin , Lu Wang , Jiangfan Liu , Siyuan Liang , Mingchuan Zhang , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu

Conventional vehicle dynamics estimation methods suffer from the drawback of employing independent, separately calibrated filtering modules for each variable. To address this limitation, a recent proposal introduces a unified…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-22 Giacomo Delcaro , Riccardo Poli , Federico Dettù , Simone Formentin , Sergio Matteo Savaresi

End-to-end autonomous driving has achieved remarkable progress by integrating perception, prediction, and planning into a fully differentiable framework. Yet, to fully realize its potential, an effective online trajectory evaluation is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Yingyan Li , Yuqi Wang , Yang Liu , Jiawei He , Lue Fan , Zhaoxiang Zhang

Low speed autonomous shuttles emulating SAE Level L4 automated driving using human driver assisted autonomy have been operating in geo-fenced areas in several cities in the US and the rest of the world. These autonomous vehicles (AV) are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Xinchen Li , Aravind Chandradoss Arul Doss , Bilin Aksun Guvenc , Levent Guvenc

The increasing automation of vehicles is resulting in the integration of more extensive in-vehicle sensor systems, electronic control units, and software. Additionally, vehicle-to-everything communication is seen as an opportunity to extend…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Laurenz Adolph , barbara Schütt , David Kraus , Eric Sax

Understanding how people view and interact with autonomous vehicles is important to guide future directions of research. One such way of aiding understanding is through simulations of virtual environments involving people and autonomous…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-08-27 John Charlton , Luis Rene Montana Gonzalez , Steve Maddock , Paul Richmond

Automated driving systems are an integral part of the automotive industry. Tools such as Robot Operating System and simulators support their development. However, in the end, the developers must test their algorithms on a real vehicle. To…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Jiri Vlasak , Jaroslav Klapálek , Adam Kollarčík , Michal Sojka , Zdeněk Hanzálek

Modern vehicles become increasingly digitalized with advanced information technology-based solutions like advanced driving assistance systems and vehicle-to-x communications. These systems are complex and interconnected. Rising complexity…

Simulation offers advantages throughout the development process of automated driving functions, both in research and product development. Common open-source simulators like CARLA are extensively used in training, evaluation, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Nils Gehrke , David Brecht , Dominik Kulmer , Dheer Patel , Frank Diermeyer

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are poised to revolutionize modern transportation, offering enhanced safety, efficiency, and convenience. However, the increasing complexity and connectivity of AV systems introduce significant cybersecurity…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-23 Amal Yousseef , Shalaka Satam , Banafsheh Saber Latibari , Jesus Pacheco , Soheil Salehi , Salim Hariri , Partik Satam

Heated debates continue over the best autonomous driving framework. The classic modular pipeline is widely adopted in the industry owing to its great interpretability and stability, whereas the fully end-to-end paradigm has demonstrated…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-04 Guan Wang , Haoyi Niu , Desheng Zhu , Jianming Hu , Xianyuan Zhan , Guyue Zhou

This paper addresses the validation of electric vehicle supply equipment by means of a real-time capable co-simulation approach. This setup implies both pure software and real-time simulation tasks with different sampling rates dependent on…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Felix Lehfuss , Georg Lauss , Christian Seitl , Fabian Leimgruber , Martin Noehrer , Thomas I. Strasser

Autonomous driving promises safer roads, reduced congestion, and improved mobility, yet validating these systems across diverse conditions remains a major challenge. Real-world testing is expensive, time-consuming, and sometimes unsafe,…

Stress testing is an approach for evaluating the reliability of systems under extreme conditions which help reveal vulnerable scenarios that standard testing may overlook. Identifying such scenarios is of great importance in autonomous…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Linh Trinh , Quang-Hung Luu , Thai M. Nguyen , Hai L. Vu

This paper presents a novel approach for computing resource management of edge servers in vehicular networks based on digital twins and artificial intelligence (AI). Specifically, we construct two-tier digital twins tailored for vehicular…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Mushu Li , Jie Gao , Conghao Zhou , Xuemin , Shen , Weihua Zhuang

Electrification in the automotive industry and increasing powertrain complexity demand accelerated, cost-effective development cycles. While data-driven models are recently investigated at component level, a gap exists in systematically…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-17 Eymen Ipek , Mario Hirz

Vehicle computing represents a fundamental shift in how autonomous vehicles are designed and deployed, transforming them from isolated transportation systems into mobile computing platforms that support both safety-critical, real-time…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Yuxin Wang , Yuankai He , Boyang Tian , Lichen Xian , Weisong Shi

V2X cooperation, through the integration of sensor data from both vehicles and infrastructure, is considered a pivotal approach to advancing autonomous driving technology. Current research primarily focuses on enhancing perception accuracy,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Zhiwei Li , Bozhen Zhang , Lei Yang , Tianyu Shen , Nuo Xu , Ruosen Hao , Weiting Li , Tao Yan , Huaping Liu

An Autonomous Road Vehicle (ARV) can navigate various types of road networks using inputs such as throttle (acceleration), braking (deceleration), and steering (change of lateral direction). In most ARV driving scenarios that involve normal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Evan Lowe , Levent Güvenç