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Constraint Programming (CP) and Machine Learning (ML) face challenges in text generation due to CP's struggle with implementing "meaning'' and ML's difficulty with structural constraints. This paper proposes a solution by combining both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Florian Régin , Elisabetta De Maria , Alexandre Bonlarron

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely used to automate programming tasks. Their capabilities have been evaluated by assessing the quality of generated code through tests or proofs. The extent to which they can reason about code is a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Changshu Liu , Yang Chen , Reyhaneh Jabbarvand

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently made significant advances in code generation through the 'Chain-of-Thought' prompting technique. This technique empowers the model to autonomously devise "solution plans" to tackle intricate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Zhihong Sun , Chen Lyu , Bolun Li , Yao Wan , Hongyu Zhang , Ge Li , Zhi Jin

Developing domain models is one of the few remaining places that require manual human labor in AI planning. Thus, in order to make planning more accessible, it is desirable to automate the process of domain model generation. To this end, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 James Oswald , Kavitha Srinivas , Harsha Kokel , Junkyu Lee , Michael Katz , Shirin Sohrabi

Since the introduction of Large Language Models (LLMs), they have been widely adopted for various tasks such as text summarization, question answering, speech-to-text translation, and more. In recent times, the use of LLMs for code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Krishna Vamshi Bodla , Haizhao Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate capabilities in code generation, potentially boosting developer productivity. However, their adoption remains limited by high computational costs, among other factors. Small Language Models (SLMs)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Débora Souza , Rohit Gheyi , Lucas Albuquerque , Gustavo Soares , Márcio Ribeiro

The programming capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized automatic code generation and opened new avenues for automatic statistical analysis. However, the validity and quality of these generated codes need to be…

Recent years have seen the remarkable capabilities of large language models (LLMs) for code generation. Different from existing work that evaluate the correctness of the code generated by LLMs, we propose to further evaluate its efficiency.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Changan Niu , Ting Zhang , Chuanyi Li , Bin Luo , Vincent Ng

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated unparalleled prowess in mimicking human-like text generation and processing. Among the myriad of applications that benefit from LLMs, automated code generation is increasingly promising. The…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Lincoln Murr , Morgan Grainger , David Gao

Software specifications are essential for many Software Engineering (SE) tasks such as bug detection and test generation. Many existing approaches are proposed to extract the specifications defined in natural language form (e.g., comments)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Danning Xie , Byungwoo Yoo , Nan Jiang , Mijung Kim , Lin Tan , Xiangyu Zhang , Judy S. Lee

Code generation is one of the tasks for which the use of Large Language Models is widely adopted and highly successful. Given this popularity, there are many benchmarks dedicated to code generation that can help select the best model.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Joanna Szych , Anne Schwerk

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has introduced transformative potential in automated code generation, addressing a wide range of software engineering challenges. However, empirical evaluation of LLM-based code generation lacks…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Nathalia Nascimento , Everton Guimaraes , Paulo Alencar

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for software development tasks such as code completion, translation, and optimization. However, their ability to generate efficient and correct code, particularly in complex…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Bowen Cui , Tejas Ramesh , Oscar Hernandez , Keren Zhou

Large Language Models (LLM) show strong abilities in code generation, but their skill in creating efficient parallel programs is less studied. This paper explores how LLMs generate task-based parallel code from three kinds of input prompts:…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Linus Bantel , Moritz Strack , Alexander Strack , Dirk Pflüger

The capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in code generation have been extensively studied, particularly for implementing target functionalities from natural-language descriptions. Alternatively, input-output (I/O) examples provide…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Yingjie Fu , Bozhou Li , Linyi Li , Wentao Zhang , Tao Xie

Large language models (LLMs) have brought a paradigm shift to the field of code generation, offering the potential to enhance the software development process. However, previous research mainly focuses on the accuracy of code generation,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Yanlin Wang , Tianyue Jiang , Mingwei Liu , Jiachi Chen , Mingzhi Mao , Xilin Liu , Yuchi Ma , Zibin Zheng

Large-Language Models (LLMs) are changing the way learners acquire knowledge outside the classroom setting. Previous studies have shown that LLMs seem effective in generating to short and simple questions in introductory CS courses using…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Yihan Zhang , Brigitte Pientka , Xujie Si

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in code generation, yet their true programming competence remains underexplored. We introduce the Code Triangle framework, which systematically evaluates LLMs across three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Taolin Zhang , Zihan Ma , Maosong Cao , Junnan Liu , Songyang Zhang , Kai Chen

Declarative specifications have a vital role to play in developing safe and dependable software systems. Writing specifications correctly, however, remains particularly challenging. This paper presents a controlled experiment on using large…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Yang Hong , Shan Jiang , Yulei Fu , Sarfraz Khurshid

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used for code generation. However, commercial models like ChatGPT require significant computing power, which leads to high energy use and carbon emissions. This has raised concerns about their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Humza Ashraf , Syed Muhammad Danish , Aris Leivadeas , Yazan Otoum , Zeeshan Sattar