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Related papers: KARL: Knowledge Agents via Reinforcement Learning

200 papers

Reinforcement learning has driven impressive advances in machine learning. Simultaneously, quantum-enhanced machine learning algorithms using quantum annealing underlie heavy developments. Recently, a multi-agent reinforcement learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Tobias Müller , Christoph Roch , Kyrill Schmid , Philipp Altmann

The functionality of Large Language Model (LLM) agents is primarily determined by two capabilities: action planning and answer summarization. The former, action planning, is the core capability that dictates an agent's performance. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Zhiwei Li , Yong Hu , Wenqing Wang

In this paper, we introduce an alternative approach to enhancing Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) through the integration of domain knowledge and attention-based policy mechanisms. Our methodology focuses on the incorporation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Andre R Kuroswiski , Annie S Wu , Angelo Passaro

Recent work has explored training Large Language Model (LLM) search agents with reinforcement learning (RL) for open-domain question answering (QA). However, most evaluations focus solely on final answer accuracy, overlooking how these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Jiaqi Shao , Yuxiang Lin , Munish Prasad Lohani , Yufeng Miao , Bing Luo

Effective interactive tool use requires agents to master Tool Integrated Reasoning (TIR): a complex process involving multi-turn planning and long-context dialogue management. To train agents for this dynamic process, particularly in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Weiting Tan , Xinghua Qu , Ming Tu , Meng Ge , Andy T. Liu , Philipp Koehn , Lu Lu

Reinforcement Learning (RL) provides a framework in which agents can be trained, via trial and error, to solve complex decision-making problems. Learning with little supervision causes RL methods to require large amounts of data, rendering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Sergio A. Serrano , Jose Martinez-Carranza , L. Enrique Sucar

Reinforcement learning (RL) paradigms have demonstrated strong performance on reasoning-intensive tasks such as code generation. However, limited trajectory diversity often leads to diminishing returns, which constrains the achievable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Pengfei Li , Shijie Wang , Fangyuan Li , Yikun Fu , Kaifeng Liu , Kaiyan Zhang , Dazhi Zhang , Yuqiang Li , Biqing Qi , Bowen Zhou

Multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MARL) suffers from a lack of commonly-used evaluation tasks and criteria, making comparisons between approaches difficult. In this work, we provide a systematic evaluation and comparison of three…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Georgios Papoudakis , Filippos Christianos , Lukas Schäfer , Stefano V. Albrecht

Large Language Model (LLM) agents have shown stunning results in complex tasks, yet they often operate in isolation, failing to learn from past experiences. Existing memory-based methods primarily store raw trajectories, which are often…

Achieving distributed reinforcement learning (RL) for large-scale cooperative multi-agent systems (MASs) is challenging because: (i) each agent has access to only limited information; (ii) issues on convergence or computational complexity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Gangshan Jing , He Bai , Jemin George , Aranya Chakrabortty , Piyush K. Sharma

This paper proposes an exploration technique for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) with graph-based communication among agents. We assume the individual rewards received by the agents are independent of the actions by the other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Ainur Zhaikhan , Ali H. Sayed

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms have accomplished remarkable breakthroughs in solving large-scale decision-making tasks. Nonetheless, most existing MARL algorithms are model-free, limiting sample efficiency and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Qihan Liu , Jianing Ye , Xiaoteng Ma , Jun Yang , Bin Liang , Chongjie Zhang

Motion synthesis in a dynamic environment has been a long-standing problem for character animation. Methods using motion capture data tend to scale poorly in complex environments because of their larger capturing and labeling requirement.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Ying-Sheng Luo , Jonathan Hans Soeseno , Trista Pei-Chun Chen , Wei-Chao Chen

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has been an increasingly important research topic in the last half-decade because of its great potential for real-world applications. Because of the curse of dimensionality, the popular…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Weizhe Chen , Sven Koenig , Bistra Dilkina

Multiagent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) poses significant challenges due to the exponential growth of state and action spaces and the non-stationary nature of multiagent environments. This results in notable sample inefficiency and hinders…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Nikhilesh Prabhakar , Ranveer Singh , Harsha Kokel , Sriraam Natarajan , Prasad Tadepalli

Knowledge graphs (KGs) have been widely adopted to mitigate data sparsity and address cold-start issues in recommender systems. While existing KGs-based recommendation methods can predict user preferences and demands, they fall short in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Shangfei Zheng , Hongzhi Yin , Tong Chen , Xiangjie Kong , Jian Hou , Pengpeng Zhao

Reinforcement Learning (RL) enables an intelligent agent to optimise its performance in a task by continuously taking action from an observed state and receiving a feedback from the environment in form of rewards. RL typically uses tables…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Alberto Castagna

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a common strategy to reduce hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs). While reinforcement learning (RL) can enable LLMs to act as search agents by activating retrieval capabilities, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Ziyang Huang , Xiaowei Yuan , Yiming Ju , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu

Existing evaluation suites for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) do not assess generalization to novel situations as their primary objective (unlike supervised-learning benchmarks). Our contribution, Melting Pot, is a MARL…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising performance in knowledge-intensive reasoning tasks that require a compound understanding of knowledge. However, deployment of the LLMs in real-world applications can be challenging due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Minki Kang , Seanie Lee , Jinheon Baek , Kenji Kawaguchi , Sung Ju Hwang