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To harness the power of quantum computing (QC) in the near future, tight and efficient integration of QC with high performance computing (HPC) infrastructure (both on the software (SW) and the hardware (HW) level) is crucial. This paper…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Amr Elsharkawy , Xiaorang Guo , Martin Schulz

Quantum systems have started to emerge as a disruptive technology and enabling platforms - exploiting the principles of quantum mechanics - to achieve quantum supremacy in computing. Academic research, industrial projects (e.g., Amazon…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Aakash Ahmad , Muhammad Waseem , Peng Liang , Mahdi Fehmideh , Arif Ali Khan , David Georg Reichelt , Tommi Mikkonen

Quantum computing is an information processing paradigm that uses quantum-mechanical properties to speedup computationally hard problems. Although promising, existing gate-based quantum computers consist of only a few dozen qubits and are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-26 Ramin Ayanzadeh , Poulami Das , Swamit S. Tannu , Moinuddin Qureshi

As quantum algorithms and hardware continue to evolve, ensuring the correctness of the quantum software stack (QSS) has become increasingly important. However, testing QSSes remains challenging due to the oracle problem, i.e., the lack of a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Junjie Luo , Shangzhou Xia , Fuyuan Zhang , Jianjun Zhao

We discuss how blind quantum computing generalizes to multi-level quantum systems (qudits), which offers advantages compared to the qubit approach. Here, a quantum computing task is delegated to an untrusted server while simultaneously…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-03 Alena Romanova , Wolfgang Dür

Quantum communication can enhance internet technology by enabling novel applications that are provably impossible classically. The successful execution of such applications relies on the generation of quantum entanglement between different…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-29 Matthew Skrzypczyk , Stephanie Wehner

Hybrid quantum-classical applications pose significant resource management challenges due to heterogeneity and dynamism in both infrastructure and workloads. Quantum-HPC environments integrate quantum processing units (QPUs) with diverse…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Pradeep Mantha , Florian J. Kiwit , Nishant Saurabh , Shantenu Jha , Andre Luckow

Quantum computing (QC) is anticipated to provide a speedup over classical HPC approaches for specific problems in optimization, simulation, and machine learning. With the advances in quantum computing toward practical applications, the need…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-26 Jernej Rudi Finžgar , Philipp Ross , Leonhard Hölscher , Johannes Klepsch , Andre Luckow

Quantum machine learning (QML) stands at the intersection of quantum computing and artificial intelligence, offering the potential to solve problems that remain intractable for classical methods. However, the current landscape of QML…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Poornima Kumaresan , Shwetha Singaravelu , Lakshmi Rajendran , Santhosh Sivasubramani

The Quantum Internet is key for distributed quantum computing, by interconnecting multiple quantum processors into a virtual quantum computation system. This allows to scale the number of qubits, by overcoming the inherent limitations of…

Quantum computing is fast evolving as a technology due to recent advances in hardware, software, as well as the development of promising applications. To use this technology for solving specific problems, a suitable quantum algorithm has to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-25 Nils Quetschlich , Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille

Quantum computers (QCs) aim to disrupt the status-quo of computing -- replacing traditional systems and platforms that are driven by digital circuits and modular software -- with hardware and software that operates on the principle of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-08 Aakash Ahmad , Ahmed B. Altamimi , Jamal Aqib

While various service orchestration aspects within Computing Continuum (CC) systems have been extensively addressed, including service placement, replication, and scheduling, an open challenge lies in ensuring uninterrupted data delivery…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Ivan Čilić , Valentin Jukanović , Ivana Podnar Žarko , Pantelis Frangoudis , Schahram Dustdar

The development of quantum computers needs reliable quantum hardware and tailored software for controlling electronics specific to various quantum platforms. Middleware is a type of computer software program that aims to provide…

The integration of Quantum Computers (QC) within High-Performance Computing (HPC) environments holds significant promise for solving real-world problems by leveraging the strengths of both computational paradigms. However, the integration…

Quantum computing promises potential for science and industry by solving certain computationally complex problems faster than classical computers. Quantum computing systems evolved from monolithic systems towards modular architectures…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-15 Nishant Saurabh , Shantenu Jha , Andre Luckow

Quantum computing promises to tackle technological and industrial problems insurmountable for classical computers. However, today's quantum computers still have limited demonstrable functionality, and it is expected that scaling up to…

As quantum computers scale, single-chip architectures face inherent limitations in qubit count. It drives the need for modular quantum computing and Quantum Data Centers (QDCs), where multiple quantum processor units (QPUs) are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-15 Seyed Navid Elyasi , Paolo Monti , Jun Li , Rui Lin

As quantum hardware advances, integrating quantum processing units (QPUs) into HPC environments and managing diverse infrastructure and software stacks becomes increasingly essential. Pilot-Quantum addresses these challenges as a middleware…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-29 Pradeep Mantha , Florian J. Kiwit , Nishant Saurabh , Shantenu Jha , Andre Luckow

Quantum programming techniques and software have advanced significantly over the past five years, with a majority focusing on high-level language frameworks targeting remote REST library APIs. As quantum computing architectures advance and…