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Remote sensing data analysis and interpretation present unique challenges due to the diversity in sensor modalities and spatiotemporal dynamics of Earth observation data. Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model has emerged as a powerful paradigm…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yongchuan Cui , Peng Liu , Lajiao Chen

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) has emerged as a highly successful technique in deep learning, based on the principle of divide-and-conquer to maximize model capacity without significant additional computational cost. Even in the era of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Boan Liu , Liang Ding , Li Shen , Keqin Peng , Yu Cao , Dazhao Cheng , Dacheng Tao

We develop a theory of generalization and scaling for Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) Transformers that cleanly separates \emph{active} per-input capacity from routing combinatorics. By conditioning on fixed routing patterns and union-bounding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Mansour Zoubeirou a Mayaki

The visual medium (images and videos) naturally contains a large amount of information redundancy, thereby providing a great opportunity for leveraging efficiency in processing. While Vision Transformer (ViT) based models scale effectively…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Gagan Jain , Nidhi Hegde , Aditya Kusupati , Arsha Nagrani , Shyamal Buch , Prateek Jain , Anurag Arnab , Sujoy Paul

Sparsely activated Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models are widely adopted to scale up model capacity without increasing the computation budget. However, vanilla TopK routers are trained in a discontinuous, non-differentiable way, limiting their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Ziteng Wang , Jun Zhu , Jianfei Chen

Multi-modal 3D understanding is a fundamental task in computer vision. Previous multi-modal fusion methods typically employ a single, dense fusion network, struggling to handle the significant heterogeneity and complexity across modalities,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Yu Li , Yuenan Hou , Yingmei Wei , Xinge Zhu , Yuexin Ma , Wenqi Shao , Yanming Guo

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) represents an ensemble methodology that amalgamates predictions from several specialized sub-models (referred to as experts). This fusion is accomplished through a router mechanism, dynamically assigning weights to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Jinze Zhao , Peihao Wang , Zhangyang Wang

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models scale capacity by routing each token to a small subset of experts. However, their routers exhibit a fundamental trade-off: strong load balancing can suppress expert specialization, while aggressive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Gleb Molodtsov , Alexander Miasnikov , Aleksandr Beznosikov

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have shown promising potential for parameter-efficient scaling across domains. However, their application to image classification remains limited, often requiring billion-scale datasets to be competitive. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Mathurin Videau , Alessandro Leite , Marc Schoenauer , Olivier Teytaud

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has been demonstrated as an efficient method to scale up models. By dynamically and sparsely selecting activated experts, MoE can effectively reduce computational costs. Despite the success, we observe that many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Haoze Wu , Zihan Qiu , Zili Wang , Hang Zhao , Jie Fu

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) model becomes an important choice of large language models nowadays because of its scalability with sublinear computational complexity for training and inference. However, existing MoE models suffer from two…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Xin Chen , Hengheng Zhang , Xiaotao Gu , Kaifeng Bi , Lingxi Xie , Qi Tian

A useful strategy to deal with complex classification scenarios is the "divide and conquer" approach. The mixture of experts (MOE) technique makes use of this strategy by joinly training a set of classifiers, or experts, that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-05-30 Billy Peralta

The mixture of Expert (MoE) parallelism is a recent advancement that scales up the model size with constant computational cost. MoE selects different sets of parameters (i.e., experts) for each incoming token, resulting in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Chaoyang He , Shuai Zheng , Aston Zhang , George Karypis , Trishul Chilimbi , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi , Salman Avestimehr

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) allows scaling of language and vision models efficiently by activating only a small subset of experts per input. While this reduces computation, the large number of parameters still incurs substantial memory…

Recent advances in dynamic scene reconstruction have significantly benefited from 3D Gaussian Splatting, yet existing methods show inconsistent performance across diverse scenes, indicating no single approach effectively handles all dynamic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 In-Hwan Jin , Hyeongju Mun , Joonsoo Kim , Kugjin Yun , Kyeongbo Kong

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language models dramatically expand model capacity and achieve remarkable performance without increasing per-token compute. However, can MoEs surpass dense architectures under strictly equal resource constraints --…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Houyi Li , Ka Man Lo , Shijie Xuyang , Ziqi Wang , Wenzhen Zheng , Haocheng Zhang , Zhao Li , Shuigeng Zhou , Xiangyu Zhang , Daxin Jiang

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) selects a few feed-forward networks (FFNs) per token, achieving an effective trade-off between computational cost and performance. In conventional MoE, each expert is treated as entirely independent, and experts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Shota Takashiro , Takeshi Kojima , Shohei Taniguchi , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have shown remarkable capability in instruction tuning, especially when the number of tasks scales. However, previous methods simply merge all training tasks (e.g. creative writing, coding, and mathematics)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Tong Zhu , Daize Dong , Xiaoye Qu , Jiacheng Ruan , Wenliang Chen , Yu Cheng

Recent advancements have shown that the Mixture of Experts (MoE) approach significantly enhances the capacity of large language models (LLMs) and improves performance on downstream tasks. Building on these promising results, multi-modal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Linglin Jing , Yuting Gao , Zhigang Wang , Wang Lan , Yiwen Tang , Wenhai Wang , Kaipeng Zhang , Qingpei Guo

Sparsely gated Mixture-of-Expert (MoE) has demonstrated its effectiveness in scaling up deep neural networks to an extreme scale. Despite that numerous efforts have been made to improve the performance of MoE from the model design or system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Chang Chen , Min Li , Zhihua Wu , Dianhai Yu , Chao Yang