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Understanding the fundamental structure of matter requires an understanding of how quarks and gluons are assembled to form hadrons and of the structure of the protons which are the colliding particles at LHC. The arrangement of quarks and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-20 Laurent Schoeffel

We extend the QCD Parton Model analysis using a factorized nuclear structure model incorporating individual nucleons and pairs of correlated nucleons. Our analysis of high-energy data from lepton Deep-Inelastic Scattering, Drell-Yan and W/Z…

Perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD) ceases to be applicable at low interaction energies due to the rapid increase of the strong coupling. In that limit, the non-perturbative regime determines the properties of quarks and gluons…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-10-06 Rabah Abdul Khalek

The strong interaction is the fundamental force that holds quarks and the gluon force carriers together to form protons and neutrons and also binds the atomic nucleus. The theory governing quark-gluon interactions is Quantum Chromodynamics…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-04 Xiangdong Ji , Gerald A. Miller , Chen Yang

We review the current understanding of heavy quark parton distributions in nucleons and their impact on deep inelastic scattering, collider physics, and other processes at high energies. The determination of the heavy-quark parton…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-06-30 S. J. Brodsky , G. I. Lykasov , A. V. Lipatov , J. Smiesko

Transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distributions in a proton are important in high energy physics from both theoretical and phenomenological points of view. Using the latest RHIC and LHC data on the inclusive soft hadron production…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-09-19 N. A. Abdulov , H. Jung , A. V. Lipatov , G. I. Lykasov , M. A. Malyshev

We argue that generalized parton distributions (GPDs), accessible in hard exclusive processes, carry information about the spatial distribution of forces experienced by quarks and gluons inside hadrons. This way the measurements of hard…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-07 M. V. Polyakov

The visible Universe is largely characterised by a single mass-scale; namely, the proton mass, $m_p$. Contemporary theory suggests that $m_p$ emerges as a consequence of gluon self-interactions, which are a defining characteristic of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-01-22 Craig D. Roberts

In the high energy regime, the proton structure consists of a very large number of particles called partons (quarks and gluons) that interact with each other, according to the theory of strong interactions, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD).…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-08-06 Gilvana C. Penedo , Werner K. Sauter

We investigate the mechanical properties of the proton by extracting its flavor-decomposed gravitational form factors (GFFs) using Light-Cone QCD sum rules (LCSR). These form factors encode critical information about the internal dynamics…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-08-12 Zeinab Dehghan , F. Almaksusi , K. Azizi

The generalized parton distributions, introduced nearly a decade ago, have emerged as a universal tool to describe hadrons in terms of quark and gluonic degrees of freedom. They combine the features of form factors, parton densities and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-09-29 A. V. Belitsky , A. V. Radyushkin

We present analytical expressions for the Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD, or unintegrated) gluon and quark densities in a proton derived at leading order of QCD running coupling and valid at both small and large x. The calculations are…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-02-27 A. V. Kotikov , A. V. Lipatov

Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) predicts the existence of both nonperturbative intrinsic and perturbative extrinsic heavy quark contributions to the fundamental structure of hadrons. The existence of intrinsic charm at the 3-standard-deviation…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-11-24 Stanley J. Brodsky , Valery E. Lyubovitskij , Ivan Schmidt

Taking into account the recent parameterizations of parton distribution functions (PDFs), % obtained in the recent time, the momentum transfer dependence of generalized parton distributions (GPDs) of nucleons is obtained in the limit $\xi…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-11-18 O. V. Selyugin , O. V. Teryaev

While QCD can provide corrections to the parton distribution function, it cannot produce the distribution. Where is then the starting point for the proton structure function? The only known source is the quark-model wave function for the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-08-19 Y. S. Kim

The holographic light-front QCD framework provides a unified nonperturbative description of the hadron mass spectrum, form factors and quark distributions. In this article we extend holographic QCD in order to describe the gluonic…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-12-15 Guy F. de Téramond , H. G. Dosch , Tianbo Liu , Raza Sabbir Sufian , Stanley J. Brodsky , Alexandre Deur

Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) rigorously predicts the existence of both nonperturbative intrinsic and perturbative extrinsic heavy quark contents of nucleons. In this article we discuss the heavy quark electroproduction on protons induced by…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-08-21 Valery E. Lyubovitskij , Ivan Schmidt

The gravitational form factors (GFFs) of a hadron encode fundamental aspects of its structure, including its shape and size as defined from e.g., its energy density. This work presents a determination of the flavor decomposition of the GFFs…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2024-06-25 Daniel C. Hackett , Dimitra A. Pefkou , Phiala E. Shanahan

Exclusive photoproduction of heavy $J/\psi$ meson is performed within handbag factorization method. The General Parton Distributions (GPDs) for gluons which are an essential ingredient here, are constructed using double distribution (DD)…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-08-13 S. V. Goloskokov , Ya-Ping Xie , Xurong Chen

We present a framework for constructing Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) using holographic QCD in the large $N_c$ limit, with a focus on low-x and finite skewness. Our approach utilizes holographic amplitudes for exclusive…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-07-04 Kiminad A. Mamo , Ismail Zahed