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Large Language Models (LLMs) as autonomous agents are increasingly tasked with solving complex, long-horizon problems. Aligning these agents via preference-based offline methods like Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Heyang Gao , Zexu Sun , Erxue Min , Hengyi Cai , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Xu Chen

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) enables flexible and interpretable automatic evaluations. In the field of machine translation evaluation, utilizing LLMs with translation error annotations based on Multidimensional Quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Shijie Zhang , Renhao Li , Songsheng Wang , Philipp Koehn , Min Yang , Derek F. Wong

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) agents often struggle with long-horizon visual planning due to their reliance on error-prone distance metrics. We propose Discrete Hierarchical Planning (DHP), a method that replaces continuous…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Shashank Sharma , Janina Hoffmann , Vinay Namboodiri

Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed to tackle complex tasks, often necessitating collaboration among multiple specialized agents. However, multi-agent collaboration introduces new challenges in planning,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Tianyang Xu , Dan Zhang , Kushan Mitra , Estevam Hruschka

Multi-agent systems (MASs) have pushed the boundaries of large language model (LLM) agents in domains such as web research and software engineering. However, long-horizon, multi-constraint planning tasks involve conditioning on detailed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Tianyue Ou , Saujas Vaduguru , Daniel Fried

Large Language Model (LLM) agents often face significant credit assignment challenges in long-horizon, multi-step tasks due to sparse rewards. Existing value-free methods, such as Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), encounter two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Hui-Ze Tan , Xiao-Wen Yang , Hao Chen , Jie-Jing Shao , Yi Wen , Yuteng Shen , Weihong Luo , Xiku Du , Lan-Zhe Guo , Yu-Feng Li

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) requires collision-free trajectories for multiple agents on a shared graph, often with the objective of minimizing the sum-of-costs (SOC). Many optimal and bounded-suboptimal solvers rely on time-expanded…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Fernando Salanova , Eduardo Montijano , Cristian Mahulea

The Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) problem aims to find collision-free paths for multiple agents while optimizing objectives such as the sum of costs or makespan. MAPF has wide applications in domains like automated warehouses,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Jingtian Yan , Shuai Zhou , Stephen F. Smith , Jiaoyang Li

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled agents to autonomously execute complex, long-horizon tasks, yet planning remains a primary bottleneck for reliable task execution. Existing methods typically fall into two…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yunfan Li , Bingbing Xu , Xueyun Tian , Xiucheng Xu , Huawei Shen

A critical challenge in multi-agent reinforcement learning(MARL) is for multiple agents to efficiently accomplish complex, long-horizon tasks. The agents often have difficulties in cooperating on common goals, dividing complex tasks, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Can Chang , Ni Mu , Jiajun Wu , Ling Pan , Huazhe Xu

Large language model (LLM)-based agents have emerged as powerful autonomous controllers for digital environments, including mobile interfaces, operating systems, and web browsers. Web navigation, for example, requires handling dynamic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Taiyi Wang , Sian Gooding , Florian Hartmann , Oriana Riva , Edward Grefenstette

Real-world trip planning requires transforming open-ended user requests into executable itineraries under strict spatial, temporal, and budgetary constraints while aligning with user preferences. Existing LLM-based agents struggle with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Yuxing Chen , Basem Suleiman , Qifan Chen

Multi-agent LLM systems have shown promise for complex reasoning, yet recent evaluations reveal they often underperform single-model baselines. We identify a structural failure mode in sequential fine-tuning of shared-context teams:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Yi Xie , Siao Liu , Falong Fan , Yuanqi Yao , Yue Zhao , Bo Liu

We investigate multi-agent navigation tasks, where multiple agents need to reach initially unassigned goals in a limited time. Classical planning-based methods suffer from expensive computation overhead at each step and offer limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Xinyi Yang , Xinting Yang , Chao Yu , Jiayu Chen , Wenbo Ding , Huazhong Yang , Yu Wang

Large language model (LLM) agents have shown increasing promise for collaborative task completion. However, existing multi-agent frameworks often rely on static workflows, fixed roles, and limited inter-agent communication, reducing their…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Chengxuan Xia , Qianye Wu , Sixuan Tian , Yilun Hao

Collaboration requires agents to align their goals on the fly. Underlying the human ability to align goals with other agents is their ability to predict the intentions of others and actively update their own plans. We propose hierarchical…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Rose E. Wang , J. Chase Kew , Dennis Lee , Tsang-Wei Edward Lee , Tingnan Zhang , Brian Ichter , Jie Tan , Aleksandra Faust

Building a dialogue agent to fulfill complex tasks, such as travel planning, is challenging because the agent has to learn to collectively complete multiple subtasks. For example, the agent needs to reserve a hotel and book a flight so that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-25 Baolin Peng , Xiujun Li , Lihong Li , Jianfeng Gao , Asli Celikyilmaz , Sungjin Lee , Kam-Fai Wong

LLM-driven agents, particularly those using general frameworks like ReAct or human-inspired role-playing, often struggle in specialized domains that necessitate rigorously structured workflows. Fields such as remote sensing, requiring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Kaiyu Li , Jiayu Wang , Zhi Wang , Hui Qiao , Weizhan Zhang , Deyu Meng , Xiangyong Cao

Language model (LM)-based agents have demonstrated promising capabilities in automating complex tasks from natural language instructions, yet they continue to struggle with long-horizon planning and reasoning. To address this, we propose an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Wenyi Wu , Sibo Zhu , Kun Zhou , Biwei Huang

The ability of Language Models (LMs) to understand natural language makes them a powerful tool for parsing human instructions into task plans for autonomous robots. Unlike traditional planning methods that rely on domain-specific knowledge…