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Memory systems for LLM agents struggle to determine what information deserves retention. Existing approaches rely on predefined heuristics such as importance scores, emotional tags, or factual templates, encoding designer intuition rather…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Wenquan Ma , Jiayan Nan , Wenlong Wu , Yize Chen

Neuromorphic computing is a relatively new discipline of computer science, where the principles of biological brain's computation and memory are used to create a new way of processing information, based on networks of spiking neurons. Those…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Wiktor J. Szczerek , Artur Podobas

This review critically distinguishes between AI Agents and Agentic AI, offering a structured, conceptual taxonomy, application mapping, and analysis of opportunities and challenges to clarify their divergent design philosophies and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Ranjan Sapkota , Konstantinos I. Roumeliotis , Manoj Karkee

Recent advances in agentic AI have led to systems capable of autonomous task execution and language-based reasoning, yet their spatial reasoning abilities remain limited and underexplored, largely constrained to symbolic and sequential…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Bui Duc Manh , Soumyaratna Debnath , Zetong Zhang , Shriram Damodaran , Arvind Kumar , Yueyi Zhang , Lu Mi , Erik Cambria , Lin Wang

This paper develops a mathematically rigorous, philosophically grounded framework for evaluating artificial memory systems, rooted in the metaphysical structure of Leibniz's Monadology. Building on a previously formalized metric, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Seyma Yaman Kayadibi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used as autonomous agents in complex, long-horizon applications, where effective memory is critical for sustained performance. Yet existing memory benchmarks are largely dialogue-centric, while…

We propose a topological framework for memory and inference grounded in the structure of spike-timing dynamics, persistent homology, and the Context-Content Uncertainty Principle (CCUP). Starting from the observation that polychronous…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-19 Xin Li

Episodic memory plays a crucial role in various cognitive processes, such as the ability to mentally recall past events. While cognitive science emphasizes the significance of spatial context in the formation and retrieval of episodic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Junmo Cho , Jaesik Yoon , Sungjin Ahn

The Core Data Ontology (CDO) and the Informatics Domain Model represent a transformative approach to computational systems, shifting from traditional node-centric designs to a data-centric paradigm. This paper introduces a framework where…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Paul Knowles , Bart Gajderowicz , Keith Dugas

LLM-powered embodied agents have shown success on conventional object-rearrangement tasks, but providing personalized assistance that leverages user-specific knowledge from past interactions presents new challenges. We investigate these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Taeyoon Kwon , Dongwook Choi , Hyojun Kim , Sunghwan Kim , Seungjun Moon , Beong-woo Kwak , Kuan-Hao Huang , Jinyoung Yeo

Long-running autonomous AI agents suffer from a well-documented memory coherence problem: tool-execution success rates degrade 14 percentage points over 72-hour operation windows due to four compounding failure modes in existing flat-file…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Bronislav Sidik , Lior Rokach

Contemporary ML separates the static structure of parameters from the dynamic flow of inference, yielding systems that lack the sample efficiency and thermodynamic frugality of biological cognition. In this theoretical work, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Xin Li

Contemporary machine learning paradigm excels in statistical data analysis, solving problems that classical AI couldn't. However, it faces key limitations, such as a lack of integration with planning, incomprehensible internal structure,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Zeki Doruk Erden , Boi Faltings

In this contribution we extend an ontology for modelling agents and their interactions, called Ontology for Agents, Systems, and Integration of Services (in short, OASIS), with conditionals and ontological smart contracts (in short, OSCs).…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Domenico Cantone , Carmelo Fabio Longo , Marianna Nicolosi-Asmundo , Daniele Francesco Santamaria , Corrado Santoro

The Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) model is a cornerstone for representing rational agency in artificial intelligence and cognitive sciences. Yet, its integration into structured, semantically interoperable knowledge representations remains…

Large language models deployed as autonomous agents face critical memory limitations, lacking selective forgetting mechanisms that lead to either catastrophic forgetting at context boundaries or information overload within them. While human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Lei Wei , Xiao Peng , Xu Dong , Niantao Xie , Bin Wang

AI Memory, specifically how models organizes and retrieves historical messages, becomes increasingly valuable to Large Language Models (LLMs), yet existing methods (RAG and Graph-RAG) primarily retrieve memory through similarity-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Zihao Tang , Xin Yu , Ziyu Xiao , Zengxuan Wen , Zelin Li , Jiaxi Zhou , Hualei Wang , Haohua Wang , Haizhen Huang , Weiwei Deng , Feng Sun , Qi Zhang

Conversational agents struggle to handle long conversations due to context window limitations. Therefore, memory systems are developed to leverage essential historical information. Existing memory systems typically follow a pipeline of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yimin Deng , Yuqing Fu , Derong Xu , Yejing Wang , Wei Ni , Jingtong Gao , Xiaopeng Li , Chengxu Liu , Xiao Han , Guoshuai Zhao , Xiangyu Zhao , Li Zhu , Xueming Qian

A central challenge in cognitive neuroscience is to explain how semantic and episodic memory, two major forms of declarative memory, typically associated with cortical and hippocampal processing, interact to support learning, recall, and…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-19 Marco D'Alessandro , Leo D'Amato , Mikel Elkano , Mikel Uriz , Giovanni Pezzulo

We introduce \emph{Memento-Skills}, a generalist, continually-learnable LLM agent system that functions as an \emph{agent-designing agent}: it autonomously constructs, adapts, and improves task-specific agents through experience. The system…