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The transition from stateless model inference to stateful agentic execution is reshaping the systems assumptions underlying modern AI infrastructure. While large language models have made persistent, tool-using, and collaborative agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Swanand Rao , Kiran Kashalkar , Parvathi Somashekar , Priya Krishnan

Constrained by the cost and ethical concerns of involving real seekers in AI-driven mental health, researchers develop LLM-based conversational agents (CAs) with tailored configurations, such as profiles, symptoms, and scenarios, to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Ming Wang , Peidong Wang , Lin Wu , Xiaocui Yang , Daling Wang , Shi Feng , Yuxin Chen , Bixuan Wang , Yifei Zhang

Current agentic memory systems (vector stores, retrieval-augmented generation, scratchpads, and context-window management) do not implement memory: they implement lookup. We argue that treating lookup as memory is a category error with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Binyan Xu , Xilin Dai , Kehuan Zhang

Human interaction with the external world fundamentally involves the exchange of personal memory, whether with other individuals, websites, applications, or, in the future, AI agents. A significant portion of this interaction is redundant,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Jiale Wei , Xiang Ying , Tao Gao , Fangyi Bao , Felix Tao , Jingbo Shang

Making neural networks remember over the long term has been a longstanding issue. Although several external memory techniques have been introduced, most focus on retaining recent information in the short term. Regardless of its importance,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Sangjun Park , JinYeong Bak

As LLM-based agents are increasingly used in long-term interactions, cumulative memory is critical for enabling personalization and maintaining stylistic consistency. However, most existing systems adopt an ``all-or-nothing'' approach to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Muzhao Tian , Zisu Huang , Xiaohua Wang , Jingwen Xu , Zhengkang Guo , Qi Qian , Yuanzhe Shen , Kaitao Song , Jiakang Yuan , Changze Lv , Xiaoqing Zheng

Long-term memory has emerged as a foundational component of autonomous Large Language Model (LLM) agents, enabling continuous adaptation, lifelong multimodal learning, and sophisticated reasoning. However, as memory systems transition from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Chingkwun Lam , Jiaxin Li , Lingfei Zhang , Kuo Zhao

We consider a living organism as an observer of the evolution of its environment recording sensory information about the state space X of the environment in real time. Sensory information is sampled and then processed on two levels. On the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2010-03-22 Dan Guralnik

Agentic memory systems enable large language model (LLM) agents to maintain state across long interactions, supporting long-horizon reasoning and personalization beyond fixed context windows. Despite rapid architectural development, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Dongming Jiang , Yi Li , Songtao Wei , Jinxin Yang , Ayushi Kishore , Alysa Zhao , Dingyi Kang , Xu Hu , Feng Chen , Qiannan Li , Bingzhe Li

Modern AI agents suffer from a fundamental identity problem: when context windows overflow and conversation histories are summarized, agents experience catastrophic forgetting -- losing not just information, but continuity of self. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Prahlad G. Menon

Agentic AI require persistent memory to store user-specific histories beyond the limited context window of LLMs. Existing memory systems use dense vector databases or knowledge-graph traversal (or hybrid), incurring high retrieval latency…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yi Li , Lianjie Cao , Faraz Ahmed , Puneet Sharma , Bingzhe Li

Cognitive maps provide a powerful framework for understanding spatial and abstract reasoning in biological and artificial agents. While recent computational models link cognitive maps to hippocampal-entorhinal mechanisms, they often rely on…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-07 E. A. Dzhivelikian , A. I. Panov

This paper addresses ontology and ethics of an AI agent called digital me. We define digital me as autonomous, decision-making, and learning agent, representing an individual and having practically immortal own life. It is assumed that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Ljupco Kocarev , Jasna Koteska

Existing agent memory systems universally follow what we term a Memory-as-Tool paradigm where a single query triggers one-shot retrieval of flat passage lists, suffering from passive invocation, reasoning-retrieval decoupling, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zihan Li , Xingyu Fan , Feifei Li , Wenhui Que

Existing frameworks for LLM-based agent architectures describe systems from a single perspective: industry guides (Anthropic, Google, LangChain) focus on execution topology -- how data flows -- while cognitive science surveys focus on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jia Huang , Joey Tianyi Zhou

Inspired by the cognitive science theory of the explicit human memory systems, we have modeled an agent with short-term, episodic, and semantic memory systems, each of which is modeled with a knowledge graph. To evaluate this system and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Taewoon Kim , Michael Cochez , Vincent François-Lavet , Mark Neerincx , Piek Vossen

The rise of AI-native Low-Code/No-Code (LCNC) platforms enables autonomous agents capable of executing complex, long-duration business processes. However, a fundamental challenge remains: memory management. As agents operate over extended…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Jiexi Xu

In this study, we propose a novel human-like memory architecture designed for enhancing the cognitive abilities of large language model based dialogue agents. Our proposed architecture enables agents to autonomously recall memories…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yuki Hou , Haruki Tamoto , Homei Miyashita

As artificial intelligence advances toward artificial general intelligence (AGI), the need for robust and human-like memory systems has become increasingly evident. Current memory architectures often suffer from limited adaptability,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Linyue Cai , Yuyang Cheng , Xiaoding Shao , Huiming Wang , Yong Zhao , Wei Zhang , Kang Li

One of the main problems of modern cognitive architectures is an excessively schematic approach to modeling the processes of cognitive activity. It does not allow the creation of a universal architecture that would be capable of reproducing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Alexander Serov