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This work explores using the physics-inspired AI Feynman symbolic regression algorithm to automatically rediscover a fundamental equation in astronomy -- the Equation of the Centre. Through the introduction of observational and inductive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Saumya Shah , Zi-Yu Khoo , Abel Yang , Stéphane Bressan

Deriving governing equations from empirical observations is a longstanding challenge in science. Although artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated substantial capabilities in function approximation, the discovery of explainable and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Gyoung S. Na , Chanyoung Park

In social science, formal and quantitative models, such as ones describing economic growth and collective action, are used to formulate mechanistic explanations, provide predictions, and uncover questions about observed phenomena. Here, we…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Julia Balla , Sihao Huang , Owen Dugan , Rumen Dangovski , Marin Soljacic

Artificial intelligence systems are transforming scientific discovery by accelerating specific research tasks, from protein structure prediction to materials design, yet remain confined to narrow domains requiring substantial human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Gabrielle Wehr , Reuben Rideaux , Amaya J. Fox , David R. Lightfoot , Jason Tangen , Jason B. Mattingley , Shane E. Ehrhardt

The phenomenal success of physics in explaining nature and designing hardware is predicated on efficient computational models. A universal codebook of physical laws defines the computational rules and a physical system is an interacting…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Bahram Jalali , Achuta Kadambi , Vwani Roychowdhury

Recent years have seen the dramatic rise of the usage of AI algorithms in pure mathematics and fundamental sciences such as theoretical physics. This is perhaps counter-intuitive since mathematical sciences require the rigorous definitions,…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2024-08-07 Yang-Hui He

Recent progress in artificial intelligence (AI) is unlocking transformative capabilities for mathematics. There is great hope that AI will help solve major open problems and autonomously discover new mathematical concepts. In this essay, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Maissam Barkeshli , Michael R. Douglas , Michael H. Freedman

Finding the best mathematical equation to deal with the different challenges found in complex scenarios requires a thorough understanding of the scenario and a trial and error process carried out by experts. In recent years, most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Caroline Pacheco do Espírito Silva , José A. M. Felippe De Souza , Antoine Vacavant , Thierry Bouwmans , Andrews Cordolino Sobral

Recent advances in machine learning and AI, including Generative AI and LLMs, are disrupting technological innovation, product development, and society as a whole. AI's contribution to technology can come from multiple approaches that…

High throughput experimentation tools, machine learning (ML) methods, and open material databases are radically changing the way new materials are discovered. From the experimentally driven approach in the past, we are moving quickly…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-08-06 Albertus Denny Handoko , Riko I Made

This paper explores the relationship of artificial intelligence to the task of resolving open questions in mathematics. We first present an updated version of a traditional argument that limitative results from computability and complexity…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2024-08-08 Walter Dean , Alberto Naibo

Advances in AI have shown great potential in contributing to the acceleration of scientific discovery. Symbolic regression can fit interpretable models to data, but these models are not necessarily derivable from established theory. Recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Karan Srivastava , Sanjeeb Dash , Ryan Cory-Wright , Barry Trager , Cristina Cornelio , Lior Horesh

The main drawback of using generative AI models for advanced mathematics is that these models are not primarily logical reasoning engines. However, Large Language Models, and their refinements, can pick up on patterns in higher mathematics…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-12-19 Lisa Carbone

In this study, we present an innovative fusion of language models and query analysis techniques to unlock cognition in artificial intelligence. The introduced open-source AI system seamlessly integrates a Chess engine with a language model,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Muntasir Adnan , Buddhi Gamage , Zhiwei Xu , Damith Herath , Carlos C. N. Kuhn

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the practice of science. Machine learning and large language models (LLMs) can generate hypotheses at a scale and speed far exceeding traditional methods, offering the potential to accelerate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Cristina Cornelio , Takuya Ito , Ryan Cory-Wright , Sanjeeb Dash , Lior Horesh

We introduce the AI co-mathematician, a workbench for mathematicians to interactively leverage AI agents to pursue open-ended research. The AI co-mathematician is optimized to provide holistic support for the exploratory and iterative…

This paper presents a novel approach to scientific discovery using an artificial intelligence (AI) environment known as ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI. This is the first paper entirely generated with outputs from ChatGPT. We demonstrate how…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Gerardo Adesso

As the volume of published scholarly literature continues to grow, finding relevant literature becomes increasingly difficult. With the rise of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI), and particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), new…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Allard Oelen , Mohamad Yaser Jaradeh , Sören Auer

Scientific discovery relies on scientists generating novel hypotheses that undergo rigorous experimental validation. To augment this process, we introduce an AI co-scientist, a multi-agent system built on Gemini 2.0. The AI co-scientist is…

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping scientific discovery, evolving from specialized computational tools into autonomous research partners. We position Agentic Science as a pivotal stage within the broader AI for Science paradigm,…