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A star destroyed by a supermassive black hole (SMBH) in a tidal disruption event (TDE) enables the study of SMBHs. We propose that the distance within which a star is completely destroyed by a SMBH, defined $r_{\rm t, c}$, is accurately…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-09-21 Eric R. Coughlin , Chris Nixon

A tidal disruption event (TDE) involves the shredding of a star in the proximity of a supermassive black hole (SMBH). The nearby ($\approx$230 Mpc) relatively radio-quiet, thermal emission dominated source AT2019dsg is the first TDE with a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-03-14 Prashanth Mohan , Tao An , Yingkang Zhang , Jun Yang , Xiaolong Yang , Ailing Wang

Two-body relaxation may drive stars onto near-radial orbits around a massive black hole, resulting in a tidal disruption event (TDE). In some circumstances, stars are unlikely to undergo a single terminal disruption, but rather to have a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-06-24 Luca Broggi , Nicholas C. Stone , Taeho Ryu , Elisa Bortolas , Massimo Dotti , Matteo Bonetti , Alberto Sesana

In this paper, we model the observable signatures of tidal disruptions of white dwarf (WD) stars by massive black holes (MBHs) of moderate mass, $\approx 10^3 - 10^5 M_\odot$. When the WD passes deep enough within the MBH's tidal field,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-06-16 Morgan MacLeod , James Guillochon , Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz , Daniel Kasen , Stephan Rosswog

This article provides a summary of XMM-Newton highlights on stellar tidal disruption events. First found with ROSAT, ongoing and upcoming sky surveys will detect these events in the 1000s. In X- rays, tidal disruption events (TDEs) provide…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-05-10 S. Komossa

In our Galactic Center, about 10,000 to 100,000 stars are estimated to have survived tidal disruption events, resulting in partially disrupted remnants. These events occur when a supermassive black hole (SMBH) tidally interacts with a star,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-03-08 Megha Sharma , Daniel J. Price , Alexander Heger

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) of stars operated by massive black holes (MBHs) will be detected in thousands by upcoming facilities such as the Vera Rubin Observatory. In this work, we assess the rates of standard total TDEs, destroying the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-07-12 Elisa Bortolas , Taeho Ryu , Luca Broggi , Alberto Sesana

Using archival SDSS multi-epoch imaging data (Stripe 82), we have searched for the tidal disruption of stars by super-massive black holes in non-active galaxies. Two candidate tidal disruption events (TDEs) are identified. They have optical…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-07-23 Sjoert van Velzen , Glennys R. Farrar , Suvi Gezari , Nidia Morrell , Dennis Zaritsky , Linda Ostman , Mathew Smith , Joseph Gelfand , Andrew J. Drake

The unluckiest star orbits a supermassive black hole elliptically. Every time it reaches the pericenter, it shallowly enters the tidal radius and gets partially tidal disrupted, producing a series of flares. Confirmation of a repeated…

The tidal disruption of a star by a supermassive black hole (SMBH) is a highly energetic event with consequences dependent on the degree to which the star plunges inside the SMBH's tidal sphere. We introduce a new analytic model for tidal…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-11 Nicholas Stone , Re'em Sari , Abraham Loeb

Rates of stellar tidal disruption events (TDEs) by supermassive black holes (SMBHs) due to two-body relaxation are calculated using a large galaxy sample (N=146) in order to explore the sensitivity of the TDE rates to observational…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-02-26 Nicholas C. Stone , Brian D. Metzger

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) as excellent beacons to black hole (BH) accreting systems have been studied for more than five decades with a single star tidally disrupted by a central massive BH. However, if considering two stars passing…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-07-22 Zhang XueGuang

In galactic centers, stars and binaries can be injected into low-angular-momentum orbits, resulting in close encounters with the central supermassive black hole (SMBH). Previous works have shown that under different conditions, such close…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-12-20 Fangyuan Yu , Dong Lai

This work explores a scenario for micro-tidal disruption events (TDEs) triggered by close encounters between high-speed white dwarfs (WDs) and stellar-mass black holes (sBHs) in galactic centers. In this model, a WD orbiting the central…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-09 Xinyu Li , Houyi Sun , Yuan-Chuan Zou , Huan Yang

In dense stellar clusters like galactic nuclei and globular clusters stellar densities are so high that stars might physically collide with each other. In galactic nuclei the energy and power output can be close, and even exceed, to those…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-04-19 Pau Amaro Seoane

Periodic nuclear transients have been detected with increasing frequency, with one such system -- ASASSN-14ko -- exhibiting highly regular outbursts on a timescale of $114 \pm 1$ days. It has been postulated that the outbursts from this…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-04-27 M. Cufari , Eric R. Coughlin , C. J. Nixon

The Galactic Center has been under intense scrutiny in the recent years thanks to the unprecedented missions aiming at measuring the gas and star dynamics near the supermassive black hole (SMBH) and at finding gravitational wave (GW)…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-11-13 Re'em Sari , Giacomo Fragione

Galactic nuclei showing recurrent phases of activity and quiescence have recently been discovered, with recurrence times as short as a few hours to a day -- known as quasi-periodic X-ray eruption (QPE) sources -- to as long as hundreds to a…

Observations of luminous flares resulting from the possible tidal disruption of stars by supermassive black holes have raised a number of puzzles. Outstanding questions include the origin of the optical and ultraviolet (UV) flux, the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-08-17 Nathaniel Roth , Daniel Kasen , James Guillochon , Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz