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We introduce a Python package called ECHO21 for modelling the global 21-cm signal from the dark ages through cosmic dawn to the end of reionization. Leveraging its analytical framework, ECHO21 generates a single model in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-09 Shikhar Mittal , Girish Kulkarni , Peter Sims

In this study, we introduce BEoRN (Bubbles during the Epoch of Reionisation Numerical Simulator), a publicly available Python code that generates three-dimensional maps of the 21-cm signal from the cosmic dawn and the epoch of reionisation.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-12 Timothée Schaeffer , Sambit K. Giri , Aurel Schneider

The properties of the first galaxies, expected to drive the Cosmic Dawn (CD) and the Epoch of Reionization (EoR), are encoded in the 3D structure of the cosmic 21-cm signal. Parameter inference from upcoming 21-cm observations promises to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-01-24 Jaehong Park , Andrei Mesinger , Bradley Greig , Nicolas Gillet

We introduce the Evolution of 21-cm Structure (EOS) project: providing periodic, public releases of the latest cosmological 21-cm simulations. 21-cm interferometry is set to revolutionize studies of the Cosmic Dawn (CD) and epoch of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-27 Andrei Mesinger , Bradley Greig , Emanuele Sobacchi

Measurement of the global 21-cm signal during Cosmic Dawn (CD) and the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) is made difficult by bright foreground emission which is 2-5 orders of magnitude larger than the expected signal. Fitting for a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-20 Michael Pagano , Peter Sims , Adrian Liu , Dominic Anstey , Will Handley , Eloy De Lera Acedo

We highlight recent progress in the sophistication and diversification of cosmic dawn and reionization simulations. The application of these modeling tools to current observations has allowed us narrow down the timing of reionization, which…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-22 Andrei Mesinger

21 cm cosmology, the statistical observation of the high redshift universe using the hyperfine transition of neutral hydrogen, has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of cosmology and the astrophysical processes that underlie…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-10 Joshua S. Dillon

The process of heating and reionization of the Universe at high redshift links small scale structures/galaxy formation and large scale inter-galactic medium properties. Even if the first one is difficult to observe, an observation window is…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-05 Nicolas J. F. Gillet , Dominique Aubert , Florent G. Mertens , Pierre Ocvirk

The 21-cm signal of neutral hydrogen is a sensitive probe of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) and Cosmic Dawn. Currently operating radio telescopes have ushered in a data-driven era of 21-cm cosmology, providing the first constraints on the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-10 Aviad Cohen , Anastasia Fialkov , Rennan Barkana , Raul Monsalve

In order to study the "Cosmic Dawn" and the Epoch of Reionization with 21 cm tomography, we need to statistically separate the cosmological signal from foregrounds known to be orders of magnitude brighter. Over the last few years, we have…

The cosmic 21 cm signal is set to revolutionise our understanding of the early Universe, allowing us to probe the 3D temperature and ionisation structure of the intergalactic medium (IGM). It will open a window onto the unseen first…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-22 Bradley Greig , Andrei Mesinger

Modeling the 21cm global signal from the Cosmic Dawn is challenging due to the many poorly constrained physical processes that come into play. We address this problem using the semi-analytical code "Cosmic Archaeology Tool" (CAT). CAT…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-01 Emanuele M. Ventura , Alessandro Trinca , Raffaella Schneider , Luca Graziani , Rosa Valiante , J. Stuart B. Wyithe

The 21-cm signal holds the key to understanding the first structure formation during cosmic dawn. Theoretical progress over the last decade has focused on simulations of this signal, given the nonlinear and nonlocal relation between initial…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-06 Julian B. Muñoz

We present new constraints on parameters of cosmic dawn and the epoch of reionization derived from the EDGES High-Band spectrum ($90-190$ MHz). The parameters are probed by evaluating global $21$ cm signals generated with the recently…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-24 Raul A. Monsalve , Anastasia Fialkov , Judd D. Bowman , Alan E. E. Rogers , Thomas J. Mozdzen , Aviad Cohen , Rennan Barkana , Nivedita Mahesh

Cosmic baryon evolution during the Cosmic Dawn and Reionization results in redshifted 21-cm spectral distortions in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). These encode information about the nature and timing of first sources over redshifts…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-05-04 Mayuri Sathyanarayana Rao , Ravi Subrahmanyan , N Udaya Shankar , Jens Chluba

We explore the effect of cosmic radiative feedback from the sources of reionization on the thermal evolution of the intergalactic medium. We find that different prescriptions for this feedback predict quite different thermal and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-06-26 R. Salvaterra , C. Burigana , R. Schneider , T. R. Choudhury , A. Ferrara , L. A. Popa

The redshifted 21-cm line of distant neutral H atoms provides a probe of the cosmic ``dark ages'' and the epoch of reionization (``EOR'') which ended them. The radio continuum produced by this redshifted line can be seen in absorption or…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Paul R. Shapiro , Ilian T. Iliev , Garrelt Mellema , Ue-Li Pen , Hugh Merz

Cosmic Dawn II (CoDa II) is a new, fully-coupled radiation-hydrodynamics simulation of cosmic reionization and galaxy formation and their mutual impact, to redshift $z < 6$. With $4096^3$ particles and cells in a 94 Mpc box, it is large…

Observations of the 21-cm signal are opening a window to the cosmic-dawn epoch, when the first stars formed. These observations are usually interpreted with semi-numerical or hydrodynamical simulations, which are often computationally…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-03 Hector Afonso G. Cruz , Julian B. Munoz , Nashwan Sabti , Marc Kamionkowski

Cosmic reionization by starlight from early galaxies affected their evolution, thereby impacting reionization, itself. Star formation suppression, for example, may explain the observed underabundance of Local Group dwarfs relative to N-body…

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