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We study consequences of the Kawai-Lewellen-Tye (KLT) relations applied to tree amplitudes in toroidal compactifications of string theory to four dimensions. The closed string tree amplitudes with massless external states respect a global…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-11-08 Henriette Elvang , Michael Kiermaier

We calculate one-loop string amplitudes of open and closed strings with N=1,2,4 supersymmetry in four and six dimensions, by compactification on Calabi-Yau and K3 orbifolds. In particular, we develop a method to combine contributions from…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-05-10 Marcus Berg , Igor Buchberger , Oliver Schlotterer

The heavy-holes in Ge/GeSi heterostructures show highly anisotropic gyromagnetic response with in-plane $g$-factors $g_{x,y}^*\lesssim 0.3$ and out-of-plane $g$-factor $g_z^*\gtrsim 10$. As a consequence, Rabi hot spots and dephasing sweet…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-02-26 Lorenzo Mauro , Esteban A. Rodríguez-Mena , Biel Martinez , Yann-Michel Niquet

Two-point tree-level amplitudes in bosonic closed string theory are described by a correlation function within the BRST formalism, which respects manifest Lorentz and conformal invariance. In the derivation of the two-point amplitudes, we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-02-13 Isao Kishimoto , Shigenori Seki , Tomohiko Takahashi

We give a simplified method to generate two types of zero-norm states in the old covariant first quantized (OCFQ) spectrum of open bosonic string. Zero-norm states up to the fourth massive level and general formulas of some zero-norm tensor…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Jen-Chi Lee

We identify string corrections to the EM memory effect. Though largely negligible in the low-energy limit, the effect become relevant in high-energy collisions and in extreme events. We illustrate our findings in a simple unoriented bosonic…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-02-03 Alice Aldi , Massimo Bianchi , Maurizio Firrotta

We bootstrap the Veneziano superstring amplitude in 10 dimensions from the bottom-up. Starting with the most general maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills EFT, we input information about the lowest-lying massive states, which we assume…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-06-07 Justin Berman , Henriette Elvang

I study constraints on fundamental physics emerging from consistency of a unitary, local and perturbative $S$-matrix in $4d$. For massless particles, some new constraints arising from consistent complex factorisation of $2\rightarrow 2$…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-07 Timothy Trott

This is the first of a series of three papers on open string field theories based on Witten star product deformed with a gauge invariant open/closed coupling. This deformation is a tree-level tadpole which destabilizes the initial…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-09-29 Carlo Maccaferri , Jakub Vošmera

We analyze the fixed-angle high-energy ($\alpha' \to \infty$) structure of $n$-point tree-level string amplitudes from complementary perspectives: locally via saddle-point expansions, algebraically via difference equations and their…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-10 Xavier Kervyn , Stephan Stieberger

In previous works, ratios among four-point scattering amplitudes at the leading order in the high-energy limit were derived for the bosonic open string theory. The derivation was based on Ward identities derived from the decoupling of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-05 Chuan-Tsung Chan , Pei-Ming Ho , Jen-Chi Lee , Shunsuke Teraguchi , Yi Yang

We recursively construct tree-level electromagnetic and gravitational Compton amplitudes of higher-spin massive particles by the all-line transverse momentum shift. With three-point amplitude as input, we demonstrate that higher-point…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-06-04 Yohei Ema , Ting Gao , Wenqi Ke , Zhen Liu , Ishmam Mahbub

We use our current understanding of the all-order singularity structure of gauge theory amplitudes to probe their high-energy limit. Our starting point is the dipole formula, a compact ansatz for the soft anomalous dimension matrix of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2012-10-26 Lorenzo Magnea , Vittorio Del Duca , Claude Duhr , Einan Gardi , Chris D. White

The existence of universal soft limits for gauge-theory and gravity amplitudes has been known for a long time. The properties of the soft limits have been exploited in numerous ways; in particular for relating an n-point amplitude to an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-05-30 Camille Boucher-Veronneau , Andrew J. Larkoski

We present a complete set of 4-point amplitudes in the constructive Standard Model at tree level. Any 4-point amplitude can be obtained from the results presented here by a suitable choice of masses, a permutation of the particles (by…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-06-18 Neil Christensen

We calculate bosonic massive closed string states at arbitrary mass levels scattered from Orientifold planes in the high-energy, fixed angle limit. For the case of O-particle scatterings, we obtain infinite linear relations among…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Jen-Chi Lee , Yi Yang

We present a prescription for computing the tree-level two-point amplitude of closed strings in the pure spinor superstring formalism, thereby completing the analysis of such superstring amplitudes. The construction relies on fixing the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-30 Sitender Pratap Kashyap

We show that the higher genus 4-point superstring amplitude is strongly constrained by the geometry of moduli space of Riemann surfaces. A detailed analysis leads to a natural proposal which satisfies several conditions. The result is based…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Marco Matone , Roberto Volpato

We discover a stringy scaling behavior for a class of n-point Regge string scattering amplitudes (RSSA). The number of independent kinematics variables is found to be reduced by dim M.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-04-03 Sheng-Hong Lai , Jen-Chi Lee , Yi Yang

In this brief note we consider the interaction between high spin excitations in string theory along the Regge trajectory and the Higuchi bound in de Sitter space. There is always a point along the Regge trajectory where the Higuchi bound is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-11-06 Dieter Lust , Eran Palti