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The increasing energy demand of next-generation mobile networks, especially 6G, is becoming a major concern, particularly due to the high power usage of base station components RU, which often remain active even during low traffic periods.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-09 Xuanyu Liang , Ahmed Al-Tahmeesschi , Swarna Chetty , Hamed Ahmadi

The growing demand for high-speed, ultra-reliable, and low-latency communications in 5G and beyond networks has significantly driven up power consumption, particularly within the Radio Access Network (RAN). This surge in energy demand poses…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Ahmed Al-Tahmeesschi , Yi Chu , Gurdeep Singh , Charles Turyagyenda , Dritan Kaleshi , David Grace , Hamed Ahmadi

In recent years, mobile network operators are showing interest in reducing energy consumption. Toward this goal, in cooperation with the Danish company 2Operate we have developed a stochastic simulation environment for mobile networks. Our…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Anders Mariegaard , Kim G. Larsen , Marco Muniz , Thomas Dyhre Nielsen

Openness and intelligence are two enabling features to be introduced in next generation wireless networks, e.g. Beyond 5G and 6G, to support service heterogeneity, open hardware, optimal resource utilization, and on-demand service…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-09 Bo Tang , Vijay K. Shah , Vuk Marojevic , Jeffrey H. Reed

In the rapidly evolving landscape of 5G and beyond, cloud-native Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) present a paradigm shift towards intelligent, flexible, and sustainable network operations. This study addresses the intricate challenge of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-17 Rana M. Sohaib , Syed Tariq Shah , Oluwakayode Onireti , Yusuf Sambo , M. A. Imran

The Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture is reshaping the telecommunications landscape by enhancing network flexibility, openness, and intelligence. This paper establishes the requirements, evaluates the design tradeoffs, and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Joshua Moore , Aly Sabri Abdalla , Charles Ueltschey , Vuk Marojevic

The Open Radio Access Network (RAN) paradigm envisions a more flexible, interoperable, and intelligent RAN ecosystem via new open interfaces and elements like the RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC). However, the impact of these elements on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-22 João Paulo S. H. Lima , George N. Katsaros , Konstantinos Nikitopoulos

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a collection of tiny nodes that have low energy levels and have become an essential component of the modern communication infrastructure and very important in industry and academia. Energy is crucial in…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Ghassan Samara , Ghadeer Al Besani , Mohammad Alauthman , Mohammad Al Khaldy

Energy Efficiency in wireless sensor networks is an important topic in which the nodes rely on battery power, and efficient energy usage is a key issue for sensitive applications that require long working times. This stimulates many…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Ghassan Samara

As Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) continue to expand, AI-driven applications (xApps) are increasingly being deployed enhance network management. However, developing xApps without formal verification risks introducing logical…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Roberto Metere , Kangfeng Ye , Yue Gu , Zhi Zhang , Dalal Alrajeh , Michele Sevegnani , Poonam Yadav

Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) are expected to revolutionize the telecommunications industry with benefits like cost reduction, vendor diversity, and improved network performance through AI optimization. Supporting the O-RAN ALLIANCE's…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Tuan V. Ngo , Mao V. Ngo , Binbin Chen , Gabriele Gemmi , Eduardo Baena , Michele Polese , Tommaso Melodia , William Chien , Tony Quek

Next-generation wireless systems, already widely deployed, are expected to become even more prevalent in the future, representing challenges in both environmental and economic terms. This paper focuses on improving the energy efficiency of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Matteo Bordin , Andrea Lacava , Michele Polese , Sai Satish , Manoj AnanthaSwamy Nittoor , Rajarajan Sivaraj , Francesca Cuomo , Tommaso Melodia

The increasing complexity and dynamic nature of 5G open radio access networks (O-RAN) pose significant challenges to maintaining low latency, high throughput, and resource efficiency. While existing methods leverage machine learning for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Raúl Parada , Ebrahim Abu-Helalah , Jordi Serra , Anton Aguilar , Paolo Dini

The virtualization of radio access networks (RANs) is emerging as a key component of future wireless systems, as it brings agility to the RAN architecture and offers degrees of design freedom. In this paper, we investigate and characterize…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Somreeta Pramanik , Adlen Ksentini , Carla Fabiana Chiasserini

Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN), a novel architecture that separates the traditional radio access network (RAN) into multiple disaggregated components, leads a revolution in the telecommunication ecosystems. Compared to the traditional…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Yi-Zih Chen , Terrance Yu-Hao Chen , Po-Jung Su , Chi-Ting Liu

Energy consumption represents a major part of the operating expenses of mobile network operators. With the densification foreseen with 5G and beyond, energy optimization has become a problem of crucial importance. While energy optimization…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Gabriele Gemmi , Maxime Elkael , Michele Polese , Leonardo Maccari , Hind Castel-Taleb , Tommaso Melodia

This paper introduces an innovative method for predicting wireless network traffic in concise temporal intervals for Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) using a transformer architecture, which is the machine learning model behind generative…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Md Arafat Habib , Pedro Enrique Iturria-Rivera , Yigit Ozcan , Medhat Elsayed , Majid Bavand , Raimundus Gaigalas , Melike Erol-Kantarci

Network virtualization and cloudification in Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) enable joint orchestration of the processing and fronthaul resources, which are essential for realizing the energy-saving potential of cell-free massive MIMO…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-07 Ozan Alp Topal , Özlem Tuğfe Demir , Emil Björnson , Cicek Cavdar

This paper discusses the use case of energy saving and traffic steering in O-RAN, the mechanism of multi-vendor interoperability to make it work and depict its test methodology.

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-01 Arda Akman , Peyman Tehrani , Pablo Oliver , Marcin Hoffmann , Michael Jones , Jia Li

In this paper, we use statistical tools to analysis dependency between Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) parameters and overall Energy Consumption (EC). Our approach has two main phases: profiling, and effective parameter extraction. In former,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2012-09-12 Najmeh Kamyabpour , Doan B. Hoang