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The residual atmospheric drag on satellites in Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO) has been recognized as a limiting factor for satellite lifetimes. This work focuses on one component of the drag, i.e., the ionospheric drag from charged particles,…

Space Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 J. Skacel , P. Parodi , G. Gangemi , F. Bariselli , Z. Bonaventura , T. Magin

LPWAN service's inexpensive cost and long range capabilities make it a promising addition and countless satellite companies have started taking advantage of this technology to connect IoT users across the globe. However, LEO satellites have…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Muskan Shergill , Zach Thompson , Guanqun Song , Ting Zhu

Low earth orbit (LEO) mega-constellations, integrating government space systems and commercial practices, have emerged as enabling technologies for the sixth generation (6G) networks due to their good merits of global coverage and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Lin Shih-Chun , Lin Chia-Hung , Chu Liang C. , Lien Shao-Yu

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites are being considered for expanding legacy terrestrial cellular networks. The end users may not be able to optimize satellite orbits and constellations, however, they can optimize locations of ground stations…

Space Physics · Physics 2019-10-25 Iestyn Morgan-Jones , Pavel Loskot

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite Internet of Things (IoT) has been identified as one of the important components of the sixth-generation (6G) non-terrestrial networks (NTN) to provide ubiquitous connectivity. Due to the low orbit altitude…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Ming Ying , Xiaoming Chen , Qiao Qi , Zhaoyang Zhang

Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites are crucial for communications, navigation, and Earth observation. However, their operational lifetimes are strongly influenced by orbital decay due to atmospheric drag. This work presents a simplified…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-08 Sukdev Mahapatra

The advancements of remote sensing (RS) pose increasingly high demands on computation and transmission resources. Conventional ground-offloading techniques, which transmit large amounts of raw data to the ground, suffer from poor…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Jiaqi Cao , Shengli Zhang , Qingxia Chen , Houtian Wang , Mingzhe Wang , Naijin Liu

In this paper, we consider downlink low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems where multiple LEO satellites are uniformly distributed over a sphere at a certain altitude according to a homogeneous binomial point process (BPP).…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Dong-Hyun Jung , Joon-Gyu Ryu , Woo-Jin Byun , Junil Choi

If AI is a foundational general-purpose technology, we should anticipate that demand for AI compute -- and energy -- will continue to grow. The Sun is by far the largest energy source in our solar system, and thus it warrants consideration…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Blaise Agüera y Arcas , Travis Beals , Maria Biggs , Jessica V. Bloom , Thomas Fischbacher , Konstantin Gromov , Urs Köster , Rishiraj Pravahan , James Manyika

While thousands of satellites photograph Earth every day, most of that data never makes it to the ground because downlink bandwidth simply cannot keep up. Processing data in the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) zone offers promising capabilities to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Thomas Sandholm , Bernardo A. Huberman , Klas Segeljakt , Paris Carbone

In satellite constellation-based communication systems, continuous user coverage requires frequent handoffs due to the dynamic topology induced by the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. Each handoff between a satellite and ground users…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yassine Afif , Mohammed Almekhlafi , Antoine Lesage-Landry , Gunes Karabulut Kurt

Multi orbit low earth orbit (LEO) satellites communication is envisioned as a key infrastructure to deliver global coverage, enabling future services from space air ground integrated networks.However, the optimized design of LEO which…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-18 Yingzhuo Sun , Yulan Gao , Ming Xiao , Zhu Han , Octavia A. Dobre

Being able to provide latency guarantees for orbital edge computing applications through Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations is a major milestone for their integration into 5G and 6G networks. However, achieving this is…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Nicolai Dalsgaard Lyholm , Beatriz Soret , Tijana Devaja , Thomas Grundgaard Mulvad , Cedomir Stefanovic , Israel Leyva-Mayorga

Recent breakthroughs in technology have led to a thriving "new space" culture in low-Earth orbit (LEO) in which performance and cost considerations dominate over resilience and reliability as mission goals. These advances create a manifold…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Gregory Stock , Juan A. Fraire , Holger Hermanns , Eduardo Cruz , Alastair Isaacs , Zhana Imbrosh

Electrostatic charge dissipation is one of the major concerns for satellites operating in the Earth's orbits. Under energetic plasma conditions, they may acquire very high negative potential (up to 10's of kV) due to the collection of…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2023-10-30 Akash Yadav , S. K. Mishra

The reliability and safety of Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) are of great concern in the energy storage industry. Nevertheless, the real-time monitoring of their degradation remains challenging due to limited quantitative metrics available…

Constructing earth-fixed cells with low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites in non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) has been the most promising paradigm to enable global coverage. The limited computing capabilities on LEO satellites however render…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-16 Yang Cao , Shao-Yu Lien , Ying-Chang Liang , Dusit Niyato , Xuemin , Shen

The increasing number of Anthropogenic Space Objects (ASOs) in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) poses a threat to the safety and sustainability of the space environment. Multiple companies are planning to launch large constellations of hundreds or…

Space Physics · Physics 2022-06-14 Andrea D'Ambrosio , Miles Lifson , Richard Linares

Modern Earth Observation (EO) missions generate massive volumes of imagery that challenge existing downlink and ground-processing capabilities, particularly for time-critical applications. This work investigates how a low Earth orbit (LEO)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Beatriz Soret , Antonio M. Mercado-Martínez , Antonio Jurado-Navas , Nicolai D. Lyholm , Marco Moretti , Petar Popovski , Israel Leyva-Mayorga

Accurately predicting aging of lithium-ion batteries would help to prolong their lifespan, but remains a challenge owing to the complexity and interrelation of different aging mechanisms. As a result, aging prediction often relies on…