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Communication between agents in collaborative multi-agent settings is in general implicit or a direct data stream. This paper considers text-based natural language as a novel form of communication between multiple agents trained with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Kevin Eloff , Herman A. Engelbrecht

The ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to use external tools unlocks powerful real-world interactions, making rigorous evaluation essential. However, current benchmarks primarily report final accuracy, revealing what models can do but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Qihao Wang , Yue Hu , Mingzhe Lu , Jiayue Wu , Yanbing Liu , Yuanmin Tang

Current AI agents can flexibly invoke tools and execute complex tasks, yet their long-term advancement is hindered by the lack of systematic accumulation and transfer of skills. Without a unified mechanism for skill consolidation, agents…

With the advancements of artificial intelligence (AI), we're seeing more scenarios that require AI to work closely with other agents, whose goals and strategies might not be known beforehand. However, existing approaches for training…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Zuyuan Zhang , Hanhan Zhou , Mahdi Imani , Taeyoung Lee , Tian Lan

Natural language serves as the primary mode of communication when an intelligent agent with a physical presence engages with human beings. While a plethora of research focuses on natural language understanding (NLU), encompassing endeavors…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Chayan Sarkar , Avik Mitra , Pradip Pramanick , Tapas Nayak

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled a new class of AI agents that automate multiple stages of the data science workflow by integrating planning, tool use, and multimodal reasoning across text, code, tables, and…

Conversational agents leveraging AI, particularly deep learning, are emerging in both academic research and real-world applications. However, these applications still face challenges, including disrespecting knowledge and facts, not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Junfeng Liu , Zhuocheng Mei , Kewen Peng , Ranga Raju Vatsavai

One of the fundamental aspects of cognitive architectures is their ability to encode and manipulate knowledge. Without a consistent, well-designed, and scalable knowledge management scheme, an architecture will be unable to move past toy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Constantine Nakos , Kenneth D. Forbus

Case and knowledge management systems are spread at the frontline across public agencies. However, such systems are dedicated for the collaboration within the agency rather than for the face-to-face interaction with the clients. If used as…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Mateusz Dolata , Birgit Schenk , Jara Fuhrer , Alina Marti , Gerhard Schwabe

An efficient Learning resource centre can be achieved with the help of a network of collaborating, coordinating and communicating software agents. Agent-oriented techniques represent an exciting new means of analysing, designing and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2011-02-18 Pooja Jain , Deepak Dahiya

Traditional AI-based healthcare systems often rely on single-modal data, limiting diagnostic accuracy due to incomplete information. However, recent advancements in foundation models show promising potential for enhancing diagnosis…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Sihan Wang , Suiyang Jiang , Yibo Gao , Boming Wang , Shangqi Gao , Xiahai Zhuang

As general intelligent agents are poised for widespread deployment in diverse households, evaluation tailored to each unique unseen 3D environment has become a critical prerequisite. However, existing benchmarks suffer from severe data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Xinyi He , Ying Yang , Chuanjian Fu , Sihan Guo , Songchun Zhu , Lifeng Fan , Zhenliang Zhang , Yujia Peng

Reliable evaluation of AI agents operating in complex, real-world environments requires methodologies that are robust, transparent, and contextually aligned with the tasks agents are intended to perform. This study identifies persistent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Deepak Akkil , Mowafak Allaham , Amal Raj , Tamer Abuelsaad , Ravi Kokku

A long-term goal of language agents is to learn and improve through their own experience, ultimately outperforming humans in complex, real-world tasks. However, training agents from experience data with reinforcement learning remains…

The ability to comprehend audio--which includes speech, non-speech sounds, and music--is crucial for AI agents to interact effectively with the world. We present MMAU, a novel benchmark designed to evaluate multimodal audio understanding…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 S Sakshi , Utkarsh Tyagi , Sonal Kumar , Ashish Seth , Ramaneswaran Selvakumar , Oriol Nieto , Ramani Duraiswami , Sreyan Ghosh , Dinesh Manocha

Human cognition is constrained by processing limitations, leading to cognitive overload and inefficiencies in knowledge synthesis and decision-making. Large Language Models (LLMs) present an opportunity for cognitive augmentation, but their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Xiangrong , Zhu , Yuan Xu , Tianjian Liu , Jingwei Sun , Yu Zhang , Xin Tong

As AI agents integrate into enterprise applications, their evaluation demands benchmarks that reflect the complexity of real-world operations. Instead, existing benchmarks overemphasize open-domains such as code, use narrow accuracy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Amanda Dsouza , Ramya Ramakrishnan , Charles Dickens , Bhavishya Pohani , Christopher M Glaze

Multi-agent debate system (MAD) imitating the process of human discussion in pursuit of truth, aims to align the correct cognition of different agents for the optimal solution. It is challenging to make various agents perform right and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Haotian Wang , Xiyuan Du , Weijiang Yu , Qianglong Chen , Kun Zhu , Zheng Chu , Lian Yan , Yi Guan

Recent advances in large language models have sparked growing interest in AI agents capable of solving complex, real-world tasks. However, most existing agent systems rely on manually crafted configurations that remain static after…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jinyuan Fang , Yanwen Peng , Xi Zhang , Yingxu Wang , Xinhao Yi , Guibin Zhang , Yi Xu , Bin Wu , Siwei Liu , Zihao Li , Zhaochun Ren , Nikos Aletras , Xi Wang , Han Zhou , Zaiqiao Meng

We introduce DeepSearchQA, a 900-prompt benchmark for evaluating agents on difficult multi-step information-seeking tasks across 17 different fields. Unlike traditional benchmarks that target single answer retrieval or broad-spectrum…

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