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This paper proposes a hard-constrained unsupervised learning framework for rapidly solving the non-linear and non-convex AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problem in real-time operation. Without requiring ground-truth AC-OPF solutions,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-09 Kejun Chen , Bernard Knueven , Wesley Jones

Learning to solve the Alternating Current Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) problem by neural networks (NNs) is a promising approach in real-time applications. Existing methods to ensure the physical feasibility of NN outputs embed a power flow…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jiebao Zhang , Haoyu Yan , Zhichao Sheng , Hongwen Yu , Shuang Ye , Haoyu Wang , Ye Shi

In recent years, the ML community has seen surges of interest in both adversarially robust learning and implicit layers, but connections between these two areas have seldom been explored. In this work, we combine innovations from these…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-11-16 Priya L. Donti , Aayushya Agarwal , Neeraj Vijay Bedmutha , Larry Pileggi , J. Zico Kolter

The energy transition challenges operational tasks based on simulations and optimisation. These computations need to be fast and flexible as the grid is ever-expanding, and renewables' uncertainty requires a flexible operational…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-15 Jochen Stiasny , Jochen Cremer

Linear optimal power flow (LOPF) algorithms use a linearization of the alternating current (AC) load flow equations to optimize generator dispatch in a network subject to the loading constraints of the network branches. Common algorithms…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2018-02-01 Jonas Hörsch , Henrik Ronellenfitsch , Dirk Witthaut , Tom Brown

Foundational models of computation often abstract away physical hardware limitations. However, in extreme environments like In-Network Computing (INC), these limitations become inviolable laws, creating an acute trilemma among communication…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Zhiyuan Ren , Mingxuan Lu , Wenchi Cheng

Topology optimization is used for the design of high-performance structures but remains fundamentally limited by its iterative nature, requiring repeated finite element analyses that prevent real-time deployment and large-scale design…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Aaron Lutheran , Srijan Das , Alireza Tabarraei

The Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem is a fundamental building block for the optimization of electrical power systems. It is nonlinear and nonconvex and computes the generator setpoints for power and voltage, given a set of load demands. It…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-04 Ferdinando Fioretto , Terrence W. K. Mak , Pascal Van Hentenryck

This paper addresses the challenge of efficiently solving the optimal power flow problem in real-time electricity markets. The proposed solution, named Physics-Informed Market-Aware Active Set learning OPF (PIMA-AS-OPF), leverages physical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Robert Ferrando , Laurent Pagnier , Robert Mieth , Zhirui Liang , Yury Dvorkin , Daniel Bienstock , Michael Chertkov

Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is a fundamental problem in power systems. It is computationally challenging and a recent line of research has proposed the use of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to find OPF approximations at vastly reduced runtimes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 My H. Dinh , Ferdinando Fioretto , Mostafa Mohammadian , Kyri Baker

Despite cascading failures being the central cause of blackouts in power transmission systems, existing operational and planning decisions are made largely by ignoring their underlying cascade potential. This paper posits a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-01-26 Anirudh Subramanyam , Jacob Roth , Albert Lam , Mihai Anitescu

Security-Constrained Optimal Power Flow (SCOPF) plays a crucial role in power grid stability but becomes increasingly complex as systems grow. This paper introduces PDL-SCOPF, a self-supervised end-to-end primal-dual learning framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Seonho Park , Pascal Van Hentenryck

The Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem is pivotal for power system operations, guiding generator output and power distribution to meet demand at minimized costs, while adhering to physical and engineering constraints. The integration of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Chen Li , Alexander Kies , Kai Zhou , Markus Schlott , Omar El Sayed , Mariia Bilousova , Horst Stoecker

Training learning parameterizations to solve optimal power flow (OPF) with pointwise constraints is proposed. In this novel training approach, a learning parameterization is substituted directly into an OPF problem with constraints required…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-24 Damian Owerko , Anna Scaglione , Alejandro Ribeiro

The objective of this paper is to improve the accuracy and robustness of optimal power flow (OPF) formulations for distribution systems modeled down to the low-voltage point of connection of individual buildings. An approach for addressing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-11 Dakota Hamilton , Loraine Navarro , Dionysios Aliprantis

In the high-cost simulation-driven design domain, translating ambiguous design requirements into a mathematical optimization formulation is a bottleneck for optimizing product performance. This process is time-consuming and heavily reliant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yuchen Li , Handing Wang , Bing Xue , Mengjie Zhang , Yaochu Jin

In this paper, we study efficient and robust computational methods for solving the security-constrained alternating current optimal power flow (SC-ACOPF) problem, a two-stage nonlinear optimization problem with disjunctive constraints, that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-11 Amin Gholami , Kaizhao Sun , Shixuan Zhang , Xu Andy Sun

The alternating-current optimal power flow (ACOPF) is one of the best known non-convex non-linear optimisation problems. We present a novel re-formulation of ACOPF, which is based on lifting the rectangular power-voltage rank-constrained…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-02-20 Jakub Marecek , Martin Takac

Foundation models (FMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in generalized intelligence, multimodal understanding, and adaptive learning across a wide range of domains. However, their deployment in harsh or austere environments --…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Evan Chen , Seyyedali Hosseinalipour , Christopher G. Brinton , David J. Love

ReaxFF is a computationally efficient model for reactive molecular dynamics simulations, which has been applied to a wide variety of chemical systems. When ReaxFF parameters are not yet available for a chemistry of interest, they must be…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-04-23 Loïc Dumortier , Céline Chizallet , Benoit Creton , Theodorus de Bruin , Toon Verstraelen