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Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly progressed into general-purpose agents capable of solving a broad spectrum of tasks. However, current models remain inefficient at reasoning: they apply fixed inference-time compute regardless of…

Online marketplace designers frequently run A/B tests to measure the impact of proposed product changes. However, given that marketplaces are inherently connected, total average treatment effect estimates obtained through Bernoulli…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-04-28 David Holtz , Ruben Lobel , Inessa Liskovich , Sinan Aral

Airplane boarding process is an example where disorder properties of the system are relevant to the emergence of universality classes. Based on a simple model, we present a systematic analysis of finite-size effects in boarding time, and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-05-21 Yongjoo Baek , Meesoon Ha , Hawoong Jeong

With the growing needs of online A/B testing to support the innovation in industry, the opportunity cost of running an experiment becomes non-negligible. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for an efficient continuous monitoring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Runzhe Wan , Yu Liu , James McQueen , Doug Hains , Rui Song

Standard A/B tests in online experiments face statistical power challenges when testing multiple candidates simultaneously, while adaptive experimental designs (AED) alone fall short in inferring experiment statistics such as the average…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Qining Zhang , Tanner Fiez , Yi Liu , Wenyang Liu

This study investigates the integration of forecasting and optimization in energy management systems, with a focus on the role of switching costs -- penalties incurred from frequent operational adjustments. We develop a theoretical and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-16 Evgenii Genov , Julian Ruddick , Christoph Bergmeir , Majid Vafaeipour , Thierry Coosemans , Salvador Garcia , Maarten Messagie

Failures in clusters running large-scale AI workloads can result in decreased utilization. Because the cost of a failure in such AI workloads is high (as it requires restarting the entire job from a previous checkpoint), there are many…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Karthik Pattabiraman , Mihir Patel , Fred Lin

The intra-cluster correlation coefficient (ICC) plays an important role while designing the cluster randomized trials (CRTs). Often optimal CRTs are designed assuming that the magnitude of the ICC is constant across the clusters. However,…

Computation · Statistics 2019-02-21 Satya Prakash Singh , Pradeep Yadav

Online marketplaces frequently run pricing experiments in environments where users choose from a list of items. In these settings, items compete for users' limited attention and demand, creating interference among items within a list:…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-03-17 Mahyar Habibi , Zahra Khanalizadeh , Negar Ziaeian

Continuous cloud service performance benchmarking is essential for detecting performance bugs early before deploying them to production. However, detecting performance regressions using application benchmarks, which usually treat the system…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Sebastian Koch , Nils Japke , David Bermbach

We describe a new family of coupling designs, extending the basic principle of stratified randomization to experiments with continuous, constrained multivariate, text/image and other irregular treatment spaces. Our approach is to first…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-04-14 Max Cytrynbaum , Fredrik Sävje

Machine learning has been used in all kinds of fields. In this article, we introduce how machine learning can be applied into time series problem. Especially, we use the airline ticket prediction problem as our specific problem. Airline…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-06 Jun Lu

The coupled cluster iteration scheme is analysed as a multivariate discrete-time map using nonlinear dynamics and synergetics. The nonlinearly coupled set of equations to determine the cluster amplitudes are driven by a fraction of the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-10-13 Valay Agarawal , Chayan Patra , Rahul Maitra

When developing a new networking algorithm, it is established practice to run a randomized experiment, or A/B test, to evaluate its performance. In an A/B test, traffic is randomly allocated between a treatment group, which uses the new…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Bruce Spang , Veronica Hannan , Shravya Kunamalla , Te-Yuan Huang , Nick McKeown , Ramesh Johari

A/B testing refers to the task of determining the best option among two alternatives that yield random outcomes. We provide distribution-dependent lower bounds for the performance of A/B testing that improve over the results currently…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-02-25 Emilie Kaufmann , Olivier Cappé , Aurélien Garivier

The Stepped Wedge Design (SWD) is a form of cluster randomized trial, usually comparing two treatments, which is divided into time periods and sequences, with clusters allocated to sequences. Typically all sequences start with the standard…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-11-06 John N. S. Matthews

The cluster mass test has been widely used for massively univariate tests in M/EEG, fMRI and, recently, pupillometry analysis. It is a powerful method for detecting effects while controlling weakly the family-wise error rate (FWER),…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-09-08 Jaromil Frossard , Olivier Renaud

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has significantly improved code completion tasks, yet the trade-off between accuracy and computational cost remains a critical challenge. While using larger models and incorporating…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Boyuan Chen , Mingzhi Zhu , Brendan Dolan-Gavitt , Muhammad Shafique , Siddharth Garg

We propose a change-point detection method for large scale multiple testing problems with data having clustered signals. Unlike the classic change-point setup, the signals can vary in size within a cluster. The clustering structure on the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-07 Hongyuan Cao , Wei Biao Wu

We develop a new method to find the number of volatility regimes in a nonstationary financial time series by applying unsupervised learning to its volatility structure. We use change point detection to partition a time series into locally…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-11-15 Arjun Prakash , Nick James , Max Menzies , Gilad Francis