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The emerging paradigm of distributed quantum computing promises a potential solution to scaling quantum computing to currently unfeasible dimensions. While this approach itself is still in its infancy, and many obstacles must still be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-26 Leo Sünkel , Jonas Stein , Maximilian Zorn , Thomas Gabor , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

Distributed quantum computing (DQC) is a new paradigm aimed at scaling up quantum computing via the interconnection of smaller quantum processing units (QPUs). Shared entanglement allows teleportation of both states and gates between QPUs.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 Felix Burt , Kuan-Cheng Chen , Kin Leung

Executing quantum algorithms over distributed quantum systems requires quantum circuits to be divided into sub-circuits which communicate via entanglement-based teleportation. Naively mapping circuits to qubits over multiple quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-05 Felix Burt , Kuan-Cheng Chen , Kin K. Leung

Distributed Quantum Computing (DQC) provides a means for scaling available quantum computation by interconnecting multiple quantum processor units (QPUs). A key challenge in this domain is efficiently allocating logical qubits from quantum…

The presented work provides a procedure for optimizing the communication cost of a distributed quantum circuit (DQC) in terms of the number of qubit teleportations. Because of technology limitations which do not allow large quantum…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-01-17 Mariam Zomorodi-Moghadam , Monireh Houshmand , Mahboobeh Houshmand

Distributed quantum computing (DQC) connects many small quantum processors into a single logical machine, offering a practical route to scalable quantum computation. However, most existing DQC paradigms are structure-agnostic. Circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Yuwen Huang , Xiaojun Lin , Bin Luo , John C. S. Lui

In a quantum internet, quantum processing units (QPUs) with varying architectures and capabilities may be connected through quantum communication channels, enabling new applications such as distributed quantum computing (DQC), a paradigm in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Leo Sünkel , Thomas Gabor , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

In the context of NISQ computers - Noise Intermediate Scale Quantum, it is a consensus that the distribution of circuits among processing agents is a viable approach to get greater scalability with small machines. This approach can increase…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-06 Waldemir Cambiucci , Regina Melo Silveira , Wilson Vicente Ruggiero

Given the limitations on the number of qubits in current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, the implementation of large-scale quantum algorithms on such devices is challenging, prompting research into distributed quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-04 Xinyu Chen , Zilu Chen , Pengcheng Zhu , Xueyun Cheng , Zhijin Guan

Distributed quantum computing is motivated by the difficulty in building large-scale, individual quantum computers. To solve that problem, a large quantum circuit is partitioned and distributed to small quantum computers for execution.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-09 Marc Grau Davis , Joaquin Chung , Dirk Englund , Rajkumar Kettimuthu

Near-term large quantum computers are not able to operate as a single processing unit. It is therefore required to partition a quantum circuit into smaller parts, and then each part is executed on a small unit. This approach is known as…

Distributed quantum computing (DQC) enables scalable quantum computations by distributing large quantum circuits on multiple quantum processing units (QPUs) in the quantum cloud. In DQC, after partitioning quantum circuits, they must be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Nour Dehaini , Christia Chahoud , Mahdi Chehimi

Present quantum computers are constrained by limited qubit capacity and restricted physical connectivity, leading to challenges in large-scale quantum computations. Distributing quantum computations across a network of quantum computers is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-14 Ranjani G Sundaram , Himanshu Gupta , C. R. Ramakrishnan

Distributed quantum computing (DQC) is widely regarded as a promising approach to overcome quantum hardware limitations. A major challenge in DQC lies in reducing the communication cost introduced by remote CNOT gates, which are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-02 Hui Zhong , Jiachen Shen , Lei Fan , Xinyue Zhang , Hao Wang , Miao Pan , Zhu Han

Quantum computers face inherent scaling challenges, a fact that necessitates investigation of distributed quantum computing systems, whereby scaling is achieved through interconnection of smaller quantum processing units. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Felix Burt , Kuan-Cheng Chen , Kin K. Leung

A limited number of qubits, high error rates, and limited qubit connectivity are major challenges for effective near-term quantum computations. Quantum circuit partitioning divides a quantum computation into a set of computations that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-21 Sebastian Brandhofer , Ilia Polian , Kevin Krsulich

In noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing, the limited scalability of a single quantum processing unit (QPU) can be extended through distributed quantum computing (DQC), in which one can implement global operations over two QPUs by…

Distributed quantum computing (DQC) is being actively investigated as a means of scaling the number of qubits across multiple connected quantum devices. This includes quantum circuit compilation and execution management on multiple quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-23 Gongyu Ni , Davide Ferrari , Lester Ho , Michele Amoretti

Measurement-Based Quantum Computing (MBQC) is inherently well-suited for Distributed Quantum Computing (DQC): once a resource state is prepared and distributed across a network of quantum nodes, computation proceeds through local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Kjell Fredrik Pettersen , Matthias Heller , Giorgio Sartor , Raoul Heese

Distributed quantum computing (DQC) that allows a large quantum circuit to be executed simultaneously on multiple quantum processing units (QPUs) becomes a promising approach to increase the scalability of quantum computing. It is natural…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Ruilin Zhou , Yuhang Gan , Yi Liu , Chen Qian
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