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Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) is a challenging multimodal task that retrieves a target image based on a reference image and accompanying modification text. Due to the high cost of annotating CIR triplet datasets, zero-shot (ZS) CIR has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Yabing Wang , Zhuotao Tian , Qingpei Guo , Zheng Qin , Sanping Zhou , Ming Yang , Le Wang

Vision transformers in vision-language models typically use the same amount of compute for every image, regardless of whether it is simple or complex. We propose ICAR (Image Complexity-Aware Retrieval), an adaptive computation approach that…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Mikel Williams-Lekuona , Georgina Cosma

Composed image retrieval, a task involving the search for a target image using a reference image and a complementary text as the query, has witnessed significant advancements owing to the progress made in cross-modal modeling. Unlike the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Xintong Jiang , Yaxiong Wang , Yujiao Wu , Meng Wang , Xueming Qian

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) allows users to search for images by combining a reference image with a text prompt that describes desired modifications. While vision-language models like CLIP have popularized this task by embedding multiple…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Ioannis Dravilas , Ioannis Kapetangeorgis , Anastasios Latsoudis , Conor McCarthy , Gonçalo Marcelino , Marcel Worring

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) aims to retrieve target images that preserve the visual content of a reference image while incorporating user-specified textual modifications. Training-free zero-shot CIR (ZS-CIR) approaches, which require no…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Ren-Di Wu , Yu-Yen Lin , Huei-Fang Yang

In Composed Image Retrieval (CIR), a user combines a query image with text to describe their intended target. Existing methods rely on supervised learning of CIR models using labeled triplets consisting of the query image, text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Kuniaki Saito , Kihyuk Sohn , Xiang Zhang , Chun-Liang Li , Chen-Yu Lee , Kate Saenko , Tomas Pfister

Retrieval is being redefined by agentic AI, demanding multimodal reasoning beyond conventional similarity-based paradigms. Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) exemplifies this shift as each query combines a reference image with textual…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Zhongyu Yang , Wei Pang , Yingfang Yuan

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR), which aims to find a target image from a reference image and a modification text, presents the core challenge of performing unified reasoning across visual and semantic modalities. While current approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Weihuang Lin , Yiwei Ma , Jiayi Ji , Xiaoshuai Sun , Rongrong Ji

Zero-shot composed image retrieval (ZS-CIR), which takes a textual modification and a reference image as a query to retrieve a target image without triplet labeling, has gained more and more attention in data mining. Current ZS-CIR research…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Junyang Chen , Hanjiang Lai

The composed image retrieval (CIR) task aims to retrieve the desired target image for a given multimodal query, i.e., a reference image with its corresponding modification text. The key limitations encountered by existing efforts are two…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Haokun Wen , Xuemeng Song , Jianhua Yin , Jianlong Wu , Weili Guan , Liqiang Nie

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) allows users to search target images with a multimodal query, comprising a reference image and a modification text that describes the user's modification demand over the reference image. Nevertheless, due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Haoqiang Lin , Haokun Wen , Xuemeng Song , Meng Liu , Yupeng Hu , Liqiang Nie

In a Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) System, the task is to retrieve similar images from a large database given a query image. The usual procedure is to extract some useful features from the query image, and retrieve images which have…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Subhadip Maji , Smarajit Bose

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) aims to retrieve target images by integrating a reference image with a corresponding modification text. CIR requires jointly considering the explicit semantics specified in the query and the implicit semantics…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Jiyoung Lim , Heejae Yang , Jee-Hyong Lee

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) involves searching for target images based on an image-text pair query. While current methods treat this as a query-target matching problem, we argue that CIR triplets contain additional associations beyond…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Xintong Jiang , Yaxiong Wang , Mengjian Li , Yujiao Wu , Bingwen Hu , Xueming Qian

Composed image retrieval (CIR) is a vision language task that retrieves a target image using a reference image and modification text, enabling intuitive specification of desired changes. While effectively fusing visual and textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Jeong-Woo Park , Young-Eun Kim , Seong-Whan Lee

Compositional image retrieval (CIR) is a multimodal learning task where a model combines a query image with a user-provided text modification to retrieve a target image. CIR finds applications in a variety of domains including product…

Composed image retrieval aims to find an image that best matches a given multi-modal user query consisting of a reference image and text pair. Existing methods commonly pre-compute image embeddings over the entire corpus and compare these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Zheyuan Liu , Weixuan Sun , Damien Teney , Stephen Gould

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) is a flexible image retrieval paradigm that enables users to accurately locate the target image through a multimodal query composed of a reference image and modification text. Although this task has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zixu Li , Yupeng Hu , Zhiwei Chen , Shiqi Zhang , Qinlei Huang , Zhiheng Fu , Yinwei Wei

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) aims to retrieve target images from a gallery based on a reference image and modification text as a combined query. Recent approaches focus on balancing global information from two modalities and encode the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yuxin Yang , Yinan Zhou , Yuxin Chen , Ziqi Zhang , Zongyang Ma , Chunfeng Yuan , Bing Li , Lin Song , Jun Gao , Peng Li , Weiming Hu

We study the zero-shot Composed Image Retrieval (ZS-CIR) task, which is to retrieve the target image given a reference image and a description without training on the triplet datasets. Previous works generate pseudo-word tokens by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Yucheng Suo , Fan Ma , Linchao Zhu , Yi Yang