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We present RelBench, a public benchmark for solving predictive tasks over relational databases with graph neural networks. RelBench provides databases and tasks spanning diverse domains and scales, and is intended to be a foundational…

Benefiting from high-quality datasets and standardized evaluation metrics, machine learning (ML) has achieved sustained progress and widespread applications. However, while applying machine learning to relational databases (RDBs), the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Zizhao Zhang , Yi Yang , Lutong Zou , He Wen , Tao Feng , Jiaxuan You

Predictive modeling in engineering applications has long been dominated by bespoke models and small, siloed tabular datasets, limiting the applicability of large-scale learning approaches. Despite recent progress in tabular foundation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Lyle Regenwetter , Rosen Yu , Cyril Picard , Faez Ahmed

Relational databases (RDBs) play a crucial role in many real-world web applications, supporting data management across multiple interconnected tables. Beyond typical retrieval-oriented tasks, prediction tasks on RDBs have recently gained…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Kyungho Kim , Geon Lee , Juyeon Kim , Dongwon Choi , Shinhwan Kang , Kijung Shin

Relational tables, where each row corresponds to an entity and each column corresponds to an attribute, have been the standard for tables in relational databases. However, such a standard cannot be taken for granted when dealing with tables…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Peng Li , Yeye He , Cong Yan , Yue Wang , Surajit Chaudhuri

We introduce KumoRFM-2, the next iteration of a pre-trained foundation model for relational data. KumoRFM-2 supports in-context learning as well as fine-tuning and is applicable to a wide range of predictive tasks. In contrast to tabular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Valter Hudovernik , Federico López , Vid Kocijan , Akihiro Nitta , Jan Eric Lenssen , Jure Leskovec , Matthias Fey

Large language models (LLMs) with in-context learning have significantly improved the performance of text-to-SQL task. Previous works generally focus on using exclusive SQL generation prompt to improve the LLMs' reasoning ability. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Zhenhe Wu , Zhongqiu Li , Jie Zhang , Mengxiang Li , Yu Zhao , Ruiyu Fang , Zhongjiang He , Xuelong Li , Zhoujun Li , Shuangyong Song

Tabular datasets are inherently heterogeneous, presenting significant challenges for developing pre-trained foundation models. The recently introduced transformer-based Tabular Prior-data Fitted Network v2 (TabPFN v2) achieves unprecedented…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Han-Jia Ye , Si-Yang Liu , Wei-Lun Chao

Relational prediction tasks are fundamental in many real-world applications, where data are naturally stored in relational databases (RDBs). Relational Deep Learning (RDL) addresses this problem by modeling RDBs as graphs and applying graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yi Huang , Qingyun Sun , Jia Li , Xingcheng Fu , Jianxin Li

Prior-data fitted networks (PFNs) were recently proposed as a new paradigm for machine learning. Instead of training the network to an observed training set, a fixed model is pre-trained offline on small, simulated training sets from a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-19 Thomas Nagler

Despite great advances in the area of Semantic Web, industry rather seldom adopts Semantic Web technologies and their storage and query concepts. Instead, relational databases (RDB) are often deployed to store business-critical data, which…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Markus Schröder , Michael Schulze , Christian Jilek , Andreas Dengel

The single-hidden-layer Randomly Weighted Feature Network (RWFN) introduced by Hong and Pavlic (2021) was developed as an alternative to neural tensor network approaches for relational learning tasks. Its relatively small footprint combined…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Jinyung Hong , Theodore P. Pavlic

Deep neural networks have become the dominant approach in natural language processing (NLP). However, in recent years, it has become apparent that there are shortcomings in systematicity that limit the performance and data efficiency of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Radha Kopparti , Tillman Weyde

The recently developed Prior-Data Fitted Networks (PFNs) have shown very promising results for applications in low-data regimes. The TabPFN model, a special case of PFNs for tabular data, is able to achieve state-of-the-art performance on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-24 David Rundel , Julius Kobialka , Constantin von Crailsheim , Matthias Feurer , Thomas Nagler , David Rügamer

Differentially private (DP) synthetic data generation is a promising technique for utilizing private datasets that otherwise cannot be exposed for model training or other analytics. While much research literature has focused on generating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Shuaiqi Wang , Vikas Raunak , Arturs Backurs , Victor Reis , Pei Zhou , Sihao Chen , Longqi Yang , Zinan Lin , Sergey Yekhanin , Giulia Fanti

Relation Extraction (RE) remains a challenging task, especially when considering realistic out-of-domain evaluations. One of the main reasons for this is the limited training size of current RE datasets: obtaining high-quality (manually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Elisa Bassignana , Filip Ginter , Sampo Pyysalo , Rob van der Goot , Barbara Plank

Clustering tabular data is a fundamental yet challenging problem due to heterogeneous feature types, diverse data-generating mechanisms, and the absence of transferable inductive biases across datasets. Prior-fitted networks (PFNs) have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Tianqi Zhao , Guanyang Wang , Yan Shuo Tan , Qiong Zhang

Radial basis function neural networks (RBFs) are prime candidates for pattern classification and regression and have been used extensively in classical machine learning applications. However, RBFs have not been integrated into contemporary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Mohammadreza Amirian , Friedhelm Schwenker

Prior-Fitted Networks (PFNs) have recently been proposed to efficiently perform tabular classification tasks. Although they achieve good performance on small datasets, they encounter limitations with larger datasets. These limitations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yuxin Wang , Botian Jiang , Yiran Guo , Quan Gan , David Wipf , Xuanjing Huang , Xipeng Qiu

Evaluating text-to-SQL systems remains largely fragile: correctness is typically judged by executing predicted and gold SQL queries on a single static database, even though the same queries may behave differently under alternative database…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Mohammadamin Habibollah , Davood Rafiei