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Reinforcement learning has achieved remarkable success in robot learning. However, under challenging exploration and contact-rich dynamics, early-stage training is frequently dominated by premature terminations such as collisions and falls.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Chenyang Miao

We present a novel deep neural network architecture for representing robot experiences in an episodic-like memory which facilitates encoding, recalling, and predicting action experiences. Our proposed unsupervised deep episodic memory model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-17 Jonas Rothfuss , Fabio Ferreira , Eren Erdal Aksoy , You Zhou , Tamim Asfour

For service robots to become general-purpose in everyday household environments, they need not only a large library of primitive skills, but also the ability to quickly learn novel tasks specified by users. Fine-tuning neural networks on a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Yuqian Jiang , Qiaozi Gao , Govind Thattai , Gaurav Sukhatme

While multimodal large language models have demonstrated impressive short-term reasoning, they struggle with long-horizon video understanding due to limited context windows and static memory mechanisms that fail to mirror human cognitive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Niu Lian , Yuting Wang , Hanshu Yao , Jinpeng Wang , Bin Chen , Yaowei Wang , Min Zhang , Shu-Tao Xia

Robots are traditionally bounded by a fixed embodiment during their operational lifetime, which limits their ability to adapt to their surroundings. Co-optimizing control and morphology of a robot, however, is often inefficient due to the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Chen Yu , Weinan Zhang , Hang Lai , Zheng Tian , Laurent Kneip , Jun Wang

Video Large Language Models (Video-LLMs) have shown strong video understanding, yet their application to long-form videos remains constrained by limited context windows. A common workaround is to compress long videos into a handful of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yun Wang , Long Zhang , Jingren Liu , Jiaqi Yan , Zhanjie Zhang , Jiahao Zheng , Ao Ma , Run Ling , Xun Yang , Dapeng Wu , Xiangyu Chen , Xuelong Li

A key challenge in robot manipulation lies in developing policy models with strong spatial understanding, the ability to reason about 3D geometry, object relations, and robot embodiment. Existing methods often fall short: 3D point cloud…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Xuewu Lin , Tianwei Lin , Lichao Huang , Hongyu Xie , Yiwei Jin , Keyu Li , Zhizhong Su

Memory embeddings are crucial for memory-augmented systems, such as OpenClaw, but their evaluation is underexplored in current text embedding benchmarks, which narrowly focus on traditional passage retrieval and fail to assess models'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Xinping Zhao , Xinshuo Hu , Jiaxin Xu , Danyu Tang , Xin Zhang , Mengjia Zhou , Yan Zhong , Yao Zhou , Zifei Shan , Meishan Zhang , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

Much like humans, robots should have the ability to leverage knowledge from previously learned tasks in order to learn new tasks quickly in new and unfamiliar environments. Despite this, most robot learning approaches have focused on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-10-09 Stephen James , Michael Bloesch , Andrew J. Davison

This thesis introduces "Embodied Spatial Intelligence" to address the challenge of creating robots that can perceive and act in the real world based on natural language instructions. To bridge the gap between Large Language Models (LLMs)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jiading Fang

The ability of machine learning models to store input information in hidden layer vector embeddings, analogous to the concept of `memory', is widely employed but not well characterized. We find that language model embeddings typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Benjamin L. Badger

Equipping agents with memory is essential for solving real-world long-horizon problems. However, most existing agent memory mechanisms rely on static and hand-crafted workflows. This limits the performance and generalization ability of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Yupeng Huo , Yaxi Lu , Zhong Zhang , Haotian Chen , Yankai Lin

Legged robots have the potential to expand the reach of autonomy beyond paved roads. In this work, we consider the difficult problem of locomotion on challenging terrains using a single forward-facing depth camera. Due to the partial…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Ruihan Yang , Ge Yang , Xiaolong Wang

Pre-trained and frozen large language models (LLMs) can effectively map simple scene rearrangement instructions to programs over a robot's visuomotor functions through appropriate few-shot example prompting. To parse open-domain natural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Gabriel Sarch , Yue Wu , Michael J. Tarr , Katerina Fragkiadaki

Most Large Language Model (LLM) agent memory systems rely on a small set of static, hand-designed operations for extracting memory. These fixed procedures hard-code human priors about what to store and how to revise memory, making them…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Haozhen Zhang , Quanyu Long , Jianzhu Bao , Tao Feng , Weizhi Zhang , Haodong Yue , Wenya Wang

Nowadays, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been trained using extended context lengths to foster more creative applications. However, long context training poses great challenges considering the constraint of GPU memory. It not only leads…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Pinxue Zhao , Hailin Zhang , Fangcheng Fu , Xiaonan Nie , Qibin Liu , Fang Yang , Yuanbo Peng , Dian Jiao , Shuaipeng Li , Jinbao Xue , Yangyu Tao , Bin Cui

Recent vision-language-action (VLA) systems have demonstrated strong capabilities in embodied manipulation. However, most existing VLA policies rely on limited observation windows and end-to-end action prediction, which makes them brittle…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Zhen Liu , Xinyu Ning , Zhe Hu , Xinxin Xie , Weize Li , Zhipeng Tang , Chongyu Wang , Zejun Yang , Hanlin Wang , Yitong Liu , Zhongzhu Pu

Modern language agents must operate over long-horizon, multi-turn interactions, where they retrieve external information, adapt to observations, and answer interdependent queries. Yet, most LLM systems rely on full-context prompting,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Zijian Zhou , Ao Qu , Zhaoxuan Wu , Sunghwan Kim , Alok Prakash , Daniela Rus , Jinhua Zhao , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low , Paul Pu Liang

We present a scalable framework for cross-embodiment humanoid robot control by learning a shared latent representation that unifies motion across humans and diverse humanoid platforms, including single-arm, dual-arm, and legged humanoid…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Yashuai Yan , Dongheui Lee

The Finite Element Method (FEM) is a powerful modeling tool for predicting soft robots' behavior, but its computation time can limit practical applications. In this paper, a learning-based approach based on condensation of the FEM model is…